| Records |
| Author |
Riedel, J.; Buttelmann, D.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) use a physical marker to locate hidden food |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue  |
1 |
Pages |
27-35 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Gestures; Humans; Male; *Nonverbal Communication; *Recognition (Psychology); Signal Detection (Psychology); Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Dogs can use the placement of an arbitrary marker to locate hidden food in an object-choice situation. We tested domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in three studies aimed at pinning down the relative contributions of the human's hand and the marker itself. We baited one of two cups (outside of the dogs' view) and gave the dog a communicative cue to find the food. Study 1 systematically varied dogs' perceptual access to the marker placing event, so that dogs saw either the whole human, the hand only, the marker only, or nothing. Follow-up trials investigated the effect of removing the marker before the dog's choice. Dogs used the marker as a communicative cue even when it had been removed prior to the dog's choice and attached more importance to this cue than to the hand that placed it although the presence of the hand boosted performance when it appeared together with the marker. Study 2 directly contrasted the importance of the hand and the marker and revealed that the effect of the marker diminished if it had been associated with both cups. In contrast touching both cups with the hand had no effect on performance. Study 3 investigated whether the means of marker placement (intentional or accidental) had an effect on dogs' choices. Results showed that dogs did not differentiate intentional and accidental placing of the marker. These results suggest that dogs use the marker as a genuine communicative cue quite independently from the experimenter's actions. |
| Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6 D-04103, Leipzig, Germany. riedel@eva.mpg.de |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:15846526 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2488 |
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| Author |
Nielsen, M.; Collier-Baker, E.; Davis, J.M.; Suddendorf, T. |
| Title |
Imitation recognition in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-36 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Awareness; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Motor Activity; *Movement; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the ability of a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to recognise when he is being imitated. In the experimental condition of test 1a, an experimenter imitated the postures and behaviours of the chimpanzee as they were being displayed. In three control conditions the same experimenter exhibited (1) actions that were contingent on, but different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, (2) actions that were not contingent on, and different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, or (3) no action at all. The chimpanzee showed more “testing” sequences (i.e., systematically varying his actions while oriented to the imitating experimenter) and more repetitive behaviour when he was being imitated, than when he was not. This finding was replicated 4 months later in test 1b. When the experimenter repeated the same actions she displayed in the experimental condition of test 1a back to the chimpanzee in test 2, these actions now did not elicit those same testing sequences or repetitive behaviours. However, a live imitation condition did. Together these results provide the first evidence of imitation recognition in a nonhuman animal. |
| Address |
Early Cognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. nielsen@psy.uq.edu.au |
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1435-9448 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15322942 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2515 |
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| Author |
Bovet, D.; Vauclair, J.; Blaye, A. |
| Title |
Categorization and abstraction abilities in 3-year-old children: a comparison with monkey data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
53-59 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Child Development; Child, Preschool; *Classification; *Concept Formation; *Discrimination Learning; Female; *Form Perception; Humans; Male; Papio; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
Three-year-old children were tested on three categorization tasks of increasing levels of abstraction (used with adult baboons in an earlier study): the first was a conceptual categorization task (food vs toys), the second a perceptual matching task (same vs different objects), and the third a relational matching task in which the children had to sort pairs according to whether or not the two items belonged to the same or different categories. The children were tested using two different procedures, the first a replication of the procedure used with the baboons (pulling one rope for a category or a relationship between two objects, and another rope for the other category or relationship), the second a task based upon children's prior experiences with sorting objects (putting in the same box objects belonging to the same category or a pair of objects exemplifying the same relation). The children were able to solve the first task (conceptual categorization) when tested with the sorting into boxes procedure, and the second task (perceptual matching) when tested with both procedures. The children were able to master the third task (relational matching) only when the rules were clearly explained to them, but not when they could only watch sorting examples. In fact, the relational matching task without explanation requires analogy abilities that do not seem to be fully developed at 3 years of age. The discrepancies in performances between children tested with the two procedures, with the task explained or not, and the discrepancies observed between children and baboons are discussed in relation to differences between species and/or problem-solving strategies. |
| Address |
Center for Research in Psychology of Cognition, Language and Emotion, Universite de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France. dbovet@u-paris10.fr |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15300466 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2516 |
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Westergaard, G.C.; Liv, C.; Rocca, A.M.; Cleveland, A.; Suomi, S.J. |
| Title |
Tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) attribute value to foods and tools during voluntary exchanges with humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19-24 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Food; Humans; *Object Attachment; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
This research examined exchange and value attribution in tufted capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella). We presented subjects with opportunities to obtain various foods and a tool from an experimenter in exchange for the foods or tool in the subjects' possession. The times elapsed before the first chow biscuits were expelled and/or an exchange took place were recorded as the dependent measures. Laboratory chow biscuits, grapes, apples, and a metal bolt (a tool used to probe for syrup) were used as experimental stimuli. The subjects demonstrated the ability to recognize that exchanges could occur when an experimenter was present with a desirable food. Results indicate that subjects exhibited significant variation in their willingness to barter based upon the types of foods that were both in their possession and presented by the experimenter. Subjects more readily traded chow biscuits for fruit, and more readily traded apples for grapes than grapes for apples. During the exchange of tools and food, the subjects preferred the following in descending order when the probing apparatus was baited with sweet syrup: grapes, metal bolts, and chow biscuits. However when the apparatus was not baited, the values changed to the following in descending order: grapes, chow, and metal bolts. These results indicate that tufted capuchins recognize opportunities to exchange and engage in a simple barter system whereby low-valued foods are readily traded for more highly valued food. Furthermore, these capuchins demonstrate that their value for a tool changes depending upon its utility. |
| Address |
Division of Research and Development, LABS of Virginia, Inc., 95 Castle Hall Road, P.O. Box 557, Yemassee, SC 29945, USA. Gwprimate@netscape.net |
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1435-9448 |
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| Notes |
PMID:12884078 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2562 |
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| Author |
Hare, J.F.; Sealy, S.G.; Underwood, T.J.; Ellison, K.S.; Stewart, R.L.M. |
| Title |
Evidence of self-referent phenotype matching revisited: airing out the armpit effect |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
65-68 |
| Keywords |
Alleles; Animals; Birds; Cricetinae; Dogs; Humans; Invertebrates; Learning; *Odors; Pedigree; Phenotype; *Recognition (Psychology); Self Psychology; *Social Behavior |
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Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. harejf@cc.umanitoba.ca |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12701614 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2576 |
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Mateo, J.M.; Johnston, R.E. |
| Title |
Kin recognition by self-referent phenotype matching: weighing the evidence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
73-76 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Brain/embryology; Cricetinae/embryology; Humans; Learning; Odors; Phenotype; *Recognition (Psychology); Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; *Self Psychology; *Smell |
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Department of Psychology, Cornell University, NY 14853-7601, Ithaca, USA. jmateo@uchicago.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12658537 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2579 |
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| Author |
Hauber, M.E.; Sherman, P.W. |
| Title |
Designing and interpreting experimental tests of self-referent phenotype matching |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-71 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds; Body Constitution; Color; Humans; Pedigree; *Perception; Phenotype; *Recognition (Psychology); Research Design; *Self Psychology |
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Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2702, USA |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12658536 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2580 |
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Bjorklund, D.F.; Yunger, J.L.; Bering, J.M.; Ragan, P. |
| Title |
The generalization of deferred imitation in enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-58 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; Parenting; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
Deferred imitation of object-related actions and generalization of imitation to similar but not identical tasks was assessed in three human-reared (enculturated) chimpanzees, ranging in age from 5 to 9 years. Each ape displayed high levels of deferred imitation and only slightly lower levels of generalization of imitation. The youngest two chimpanzees were more apt to generalize the model's actions when they had displayed portions of the target behaviors at baseline, consistent with the idea that learning is more likely to occur when working within the “zone of proximal development.” We argue that generalization of imitation is the best evidence to date of imitative learning in chimpanzees. |
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Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA. dbjorklund@fau.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:11957402 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2610 |
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Kiltie, R.A.; Fan, J.; Laine, A.F. |
| Title |
A wavelet-based metric for visual texture discrimination with applications in evolutionary ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Mathematical Biosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Math Biosci |
| Volume |
126 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21-39 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Carnivora; *Ecology; Equidae; *Evolution; Humans; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Moths; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Pigmentation |
| Abstract |
Much work on natural and sexual selection is concerned with the conspicuousness of visual patterns (textures) on animal and plant surfaces. Previous attempts by evolutionary biologists to quantify apparency of such textures have involved subjective estimates of conspicuousness or statistical analyses based on transect samples. We present a method based on wavelet analysis that avoids subjectivity and that uses more of the information in image textures than transects do. Like the human visual system for texture discrimination, and probably like that of other vertebrates, this method is based on localized analysis of orientation and frequency components of the patterns composing visual textures. As examples of the metric's utility, we present analyses of crypsis for tigers, zebras, and peppered moth morphs. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville |
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0025-5564 |
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PMID:7696817 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2660 |
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| Author |
Beveridge, W.I. |
| Title |
Unravelling the ecology of influenza A virus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hist Philos Life Sci |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
23-32 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Birds; Ecology; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/*isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/microbiology/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*history/microbiology; Zoonoses/history |
| Abstract |
For 20 years after the influenza A virus was discovered in the early 1930s, it was believed to be almost exclusively a human virus. But in the 1950s closely related viruses were discovered in diseases of horses, pigs and birds. Subsequently influenza A viruses were found to occur frequently in many species of birds, particularly ducks, usually without causing disease. Researchers showed that human and animal strains can hybridise thus producing new strains. Such hybrids may be the cause of pandemics in man. Most pandemics have started in China or eastern Russia where many people are in intimate association with animals. This situation provides a breeding ground for new strains of influenza A virus. |
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0391-9714 |
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PMID:8310117 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2667 |
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