Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	31-40 of 130 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–13]

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Houpt, K.A.; Parsons, M.S.; Hintz, H.F.
	Title	Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1982	Publication	Journal of animal science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	55	Issue	5	Pages	1027-1032
	Keywords	Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Horses/physiology; Learning; Maternal Deprivation; Mothers/psychology
	Abstract	The maze learning ability of six pony foals that had been weaned at birth was compared to that of six foals reared normally. The foals' learning ability was also compared to their mothers' learning ability at the same task; the correct turn in a single choice point maze. The maze learning test was conducted when the foals were 6 to 8 mo old and after the mothered foals had been weaned. There was no significant difference between the ability of orphaned (weaned at birth) and mothered foals in their ability to learn to turn left (6 +/- .7 and 5.1 +/- .1 trials, respectively) or to learn the reversal, to turn right (6.7 +/- .6 and 6.2 +/- .6 trials, respectively). The orphan foals spent significantly more time in the maze in their first exposure to it than the mothered foals (184 +/- 42 vs 55 +/- 15 s. Mann Whitney U = 7, P less than .05). The mothers of the foals (n = 11) learned to turn left as rapidly as the foals (5.9 +/- .7 trials), but they were slower to learn to turn right (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.4 +/- .4 trials, Mann Whitney U = 33, P less than .05), indicating that the younger horses learned more rapidly. There was no correlation between the trials to criteria of the mare and those of her foal, but there was a significant negative correlation between rank in trials to criteria and age (r = -65, P less than .05) when data from the mare and foal trials were combined. The dominance hierarchy of the mares was determined using a paired feeding test in which two horses competed for one bucket of feed. Although there was no correlation between rank in the hierarchy and maze learning ability, there was a correlation between body weight and rank in the hierarchy (r = .7, P less than .05). This may indicate either that heavier horses are likely to be dominant or that horses high in dominance gain more weight. Maternal deprivation did not appear to seriously retard learning of a simple maze by foals, although the orphans moved more slowly initially. The lack of maternal influence on learning is also reflected in the lack of correlation between the mare's learning ability and that of her foal. Young horses appear to learn more rapidly than older horses.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7174546			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	58
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Mader, D.R.; Price, E.O.
	Title	Discrimination learning in horses: effects of breed, age and social dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication	Journal of animal science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	50	Issue	5	Pages	962-965
	Keywords	Aging; Animals; Discrimination Learning; Female; Horses/physiology; *Social Dominance
	Abstract	The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Horses tended to be less reactive than Thoroughbreds, but individual emotional reactivity ratings and learning scores were not correlated. No correlation was found between social dominance and learning scores. Learning studies with horses may provide a better understanding of the behavioral traits that influence trainability in this species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7390949			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	679
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M.
	Title	Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	69	Issue	3	Pages	1053-1058
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/physiology; Male; Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood
	Abstract	Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
	Address	Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2061237			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1949
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ralston, S.L.
	Title	Controls of feeding in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	59	Issue	5	Pages	1354-1361
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animals; Digestive Physiology; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Food Preferences; Horses/physiology; Oropharynx/physiology; Satiation/physiology; Smell; Taste
	Abstract	Members of the genus Equus are large, nonruminant herbivores. These animals utilize the products of both enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and bacterial fermentation (volatile fatty acids) in the cecum and large colon as sources of metabolizable energy. Equine animals rely primarily upon oropharyngeal and external stimuli to control the size and duration of an isolated meal. Meal frequency, however, is regulated by stimuli generated by the presence and (or) absorption of nutrients (sugars, fatty acids, protein) in both the large and small intestine plus metabolic cues reflecting body energy stores. The control of feeding in this species reflects its evolutionary development in an environment which selected for consumption of small, frequent meals of a variety of forages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6392275			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1954
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Heird, J.C.; Lennon, A.M.; Bell, R.W.
	Title	Effects of early experience on the learning ability of yearling horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1981	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	53	Issue	5	Pages	1204-1209
	Keywords	Animals; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; Handling (Psychology); Horses/physiology; *Learning
	Abstract	Twenty-four yearling Quarter Horse fillies were divided into three groups (I) very limited handling, (II) intermediate handling and (III) extensive handling. At about 14 months of age, each horse was preconditioned for 2 weeks and then run in a simple place-learning T-maze test in which it had to locate its feed. Thirty trials were run daily for 20 days, with the location of the feed changed each day. To retire from the maze, a horse had to meet the criterion: 11 correct responses in 12 tries, with the last eight being consecutive. Horses in Group II required the fewest trials to reach criterion. These horses also learned more and had the highest percentage of correct responses (P less than .05). Mean trainability tended to predict learning ability; however, trainability and trials to criterion were not significantly correlated. Mean emotionality scores indicated a tendency for horses in the intermediately handled group to be less emotional than those in Group I or III. Results indicated that horses with an intermediate amount of handling scored higher on an intermediate test of learning. All handled horses scored higher on learning tests than those not handled.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7319966			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3577
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ordakowski-Burk, A.L.; Quinn, R.W.; Shellem, T.A.; Vough, L.R.
	Title	Voluntary intake and digestibility of reed canarygrass and timothy hay fed to horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	84	Issue	11	Pages	3104-3109
	Keywords	Animal Feed/analysis; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Diet/veterinary; Digestion/physiology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Horses/physiology; Male; Poaceae/metabolism
	Abstract	Thousands of hectares of timothy (Phleum pretense L.) grown in the Mid-Atlantic region are infected by cereal rust mite (Abacarus hysterix) that causes discoloration and curling of leaves, decreased nutritional quality, and substantial decreases in yield. A decline in production of timothy hay can lower income for hay producers and cause horse owners to search for alternative hays. Low alkaloid reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) hay has potential as an alternative to timothy hay because it grows well in the Mid-Atlantic region, is believed to have a similar nutrient quality to timothy, and is not as susceptible to cereal rust mite. Eleven mature, stalled Thoroughbred geldings (549 +/- 12.1 kg) that were exercised daily were used to compare voluntary DMI and apparent nutrient DM digestibility of timothy and low-alkaloid Chiefton variety reed canarygrass hay. Horses were paired by age and BW and randomly assigned to timothy or reed canarygrass hay during a 14-d period to measure voluntary DMI followed by a 4-d period to measure apparent DM digestibility. Both hays met the minimum requirements for DE, CP, Ca, P, K, Fe, and Mn, but they did not meet the minimum requirements for Cu, Zn, and Na for horses at maintenance and averaging 550 kg of BW. Timothy hay seemed to have a lower CP concentration (14.4%) compared with reed canarygrass hay (17.1%) and a more desirable Ca:P ratio at 1.6:1 compared with 0.8:1 for reed canarygrass hay. Horses fed timothy consumed more hay (P <0.001) during the voluntary DMI period compared with horses fed reed canarygrass. Greater voluntary DMI of timothy occurred on d 1, 3, and 5 (P <0.05), but DMI was similar for other days. Apparent DM digestibility was greater in horses fed timothy hay by 9.6% compared with horses fed reed canarygrass hay (P <0.05). Horses fed timothy had greater DM digestibility of ADF (P = 0.001), NDF (P = 0.001), sugar (P = 0.05), and Ca (P = 0.001) but lower apparent DM digestibility of CP (P = 0.012) and crude fat (P = 0.004). Timothy hay was superior in voluntary DMI and apparent DM digestibility compared with low-alkaloid reed canarygrass hay fed to horses.
	Address	Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA. amyburk@umd.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1525-3163	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17032805			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4236
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Carroll, J.; Murphy, C.J.; Neitz, M.; Hoeve, J.N.; Neitz, J.
	Title	Photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision in the horse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Journal of Vision	Abbreviated Journal	J Vis
	Volume	1	Issue	2	Pages	80-87
	Keywords	Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Color Perception/physiology; Cones (Retina)/chemistry/physiology; Electroretinography; Horses/physiology; Photic Stimulation; Phototransduction/physiology; Retinal Pigments/analysis/physiology; Visual Perception/physiology
	Abstract	Horses, like other ungulates, are active in the day, at dusk, dawn, and night; and, they have eyes designed to have both high sensitivity for vision in dim light and good visual acuity under higher light levels (Walls, 1942). Typically, daytime activity is associated with the presence of multiple cone classes and color-vision capacity (Jacobs, 1993). Previous studies in other ungulates, such as pigs, goats, cows, sheep and deer, have shown that they have two spectrally different cone types, and hence, at least the photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision (Neitz & Jacobs, 1989; Jacobs, Deegan II, Neitz, Murphy, Miller, & Marchinton, 1994; Jacobs, Deegan II, & Neitz, 1998). Here, electroretinogram flicker photometry was used to measure the spectral sensitivities of the cones in the domestic horse (Equus caballus). Two distinct spectral mechanisms were identified and are consistent with the presence of a short-wavelength-sensitive (S) and a middle-to-long-wavelength-sensitive (M/L) cone. The spectral sensitivity of the S cone was estimated to have a peak of 428 nm, while the M/L cone had a peak of 539 nm. These two cone types would provide the basis for dichromatic color vision consistent with recent results from behavioral testing of horses (Macuda & Timney, 1999; Macuda & Timney, 2000; Timney & Macuda, 2001). The spectral peak of the M/L cone photopigment measured here, in vivo, is similar to that obtained when the gene was sequenced, cloned, and expressed in vitro (Yokoyama & Radlwimmer, 1999). Of the ungulates that have been studied to date, all have the photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision; however, they differ considerably from one another in the spectral tuning of their cone pigments. These differences may represent adaptations to the different visual requirements of different species.
	Address	Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1534-7362	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12678603			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4060
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tobin, T.; Combie, J.D.
	Title	Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1982	Publication	Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics	Abbreviated Journal	J Vet Pharmacol Ther
	Volume	5	Issue	2	Pages	105-118
	Keywords	Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Apomorphine/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl/pharmacology; Horses/physiology; Methylphenidate/pharmacology; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity/drug effects
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0140-7783	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6125601			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1957
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Voss, B.; Mohr, E.; Krzywanek, H.
	Title	Effects of aqua-treadmill exercise on selected blood parameters and on heart-rate variability of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine	Abbreviated Journal	J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med
	Volume	49	Issue	3	Pages	137-143
	Keywords	Animals; Electrocardiography/veterinary; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Heart Rate/physiology; Hemoglobins/metabolism; Horses/physiology; Lactic Acid/blood; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Water
	Abstract	The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of Aquatraining of horses (aqua-treadmill exercise; treadmill manufactured by Equitech – L.u.S. Equipment, Warendorf, Germany) on selected blood parameters [lactic acid concentration (mmol/l), haemoglobin content (g/l)] and on heart-rate variability (HRV) [heart rate (beats per min; b.p.m.), standard deviation of all NN-intervals (SDNN; ms), normalized power of the low and high frequency band (LFnorm, Hfnorm; au), % recurrence, % determinism and ratio(corr)]. Seven horses performed six exercise tests with different work loads (walking (x = 1.56 +/- 0.08 m/s) and trotting (x = 2.9 +/- 0.13 m/s): dry, water above the carpus and water above the elbow). The standardized test-protocol was: 5 min warm-up at walk while the water was pumped in, followed by the 20-min exercise period at walk or trot, followed by a 5-min walk while pumping out the water. Blood samples were taken prior to each test at rest in the stable, as well as exactly 5 min after the end of the 20-min exercise period. Electrocardiograms were recorded during rest and the 20-min exercise period. Compared to rest, neither the chosen velocities, the two water levels, nor the dry tests led to a significant increase of the lactic acid concentration in any horse. The haemoglobin content showed a significant increase as a result of exercise. Significant differences could be found between the heart rates at rest and the six exercise tests and between the mean of the levels 'walking' and the mean of the levels 'trotting'. An exercise-induced change of HRV was characterized by a decreasing SDNN, a significantly higher LFnorm (sympathetic influence) combined with a significantly lower HF(norm) power (parasympathetic activity) and a rising degree of order (significantly higher % determinism and nearly unchanged % recurrence) and stability (significantly rising ratio(corr)) of the recurrence plot. In conclusion, the used training-protocol for aqua-treadmill exercises only represents a medium-sized aerobic work load for horses, but the different levels of burden were indicated especially by changes in HRV.
	Address	Institute for Veterinary Physiology of the Free University Berlin, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0931-184X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12019954			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4049
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Naylor, J.M.; Poirier, K.L.; Hamilton, D.L.; Dowling, P.M.
	Title	The effects of feeding and fasting on gastrointestinal sounds in adult horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine	Abbreviated Journal	J Vet Intern Med
	Volume	20	Issue	6	Pages	1408-1413
	Keywords	Animals; Auscultation/methods/veterinary; Digestive Physiology; Fasting/physiology; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology; Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology; Horses/physiology; Postprandial Period/*physiology; Sound
	Abstract	The effect of changes in feed intake on auscultatable gastrointestinal sounds has not been systematically studied. Disagreement also is present in the literature about variation in sounds according to the quadrant of auscultation. Gastrointestinal sounds were recorded over the center of the left dorsal, left ventral, right ventral, and right dorsal quadrants and over the middle of the right abdominal flank. During 24 hours (n = 4) or 48 hours (n = 5) of fasting, there was a reduction in the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds as assessed by analysis of sound recordings. There was also a reduction in the number of mixing-like and propulsive-like sounds heard by 2 blinded observers. After refeeding, there was a marked increase in sound. Sound intensity varied among abdominal quadrants, but blinded observers did not notice significant differences in the number of mixing-like sounds. The left dorsal quadrant was quieter than others during fasting and refeeding. The right ventral quadrant appeared to be least affected by fasting, and sounds were louder over the right ventral and right middle quadrants than over the others. The blinded observers' perceptions of sound correlated poorly with one another and with objective measures of sound intensity. This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of computerized analysis of abdominal sound in detecting a reduction in the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds during fasting and their return during refeeding. The left dorsal quadrant was quieter than other quadrants, likely because of its position over the small colon. There was considerable observer variation in the number of intestinal sounds heard.
	Address	Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies. jnaylor@rossvet.edu.kn
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0891-6640	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17186858			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1844
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–13]

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help