| Records |
| Author |
Vollmerhaus, B.; Roos, H.; Gerhards, H.; Knospe, C. |
| Title |
[Phylogeny, form and function of canine teeth in the horse] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anat Histol Embryol |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue  |
4 |
Pages |
212-217 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cuspid/*anatomy & histology/radiography; Evolution; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Phylogeny; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The canine teeth of the horse developed phylogenically from the simple, pointed, short-rooted tooth form of the leaf eating, in pairs living, Eocene horse Hyracotherium and served up to the Oligocene as a means of defense (self preservation). In the Miocene the living conditions of the Merychippus changed and they took to eating grass and adopted as a new behavior the life in a herd. The canine teeth possibly played an important role in fights for social ranking; they changed from a crown form to knife-like shape. In the Pliohippus the canine tooth usually remained in male horses and since the Pliocene, it contributed to the fights between stallions, to ensure that the offspring only came from the strongest animals (preservation of the species). Form and construction of the canine tooth are described and discussed in detail under the above mentioned phylogenic and ethologic aspects. |
| Address |
Institut fur Tieranatomie und Chirurgische Tierklinik der Universitat Munchen, Veterinarstrasse 13, D 80539 Munchen, Deutschland. c-neumueller@anat.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
[Zur Phylogenie, Form und Funktion der Dentes canini des Pferdes] |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0340-2096 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12919071 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
672 |
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| Author |
Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
549-554 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male |
| Abstract |
In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0031-9384 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4070429 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
52 |
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carnevale, J. |
| Title |
Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
883-889 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Poaceae; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twigs. Almost all feeding by foals was done while their mothers were feeding. Movement to water sources was frequently, but not invariably, carried out by an entire herd. Frequency (P = .005) but not duration (P greater than .05) of drinking bouts by mares increased as the temperature increased. Frequency was greatest at 30 to 35 C, at which temperature mares drank once every 1.8 h. Frequency of drinking varied with the time of day (P less than .01), being rarest during the early morning (0500 to 0900 h eastern daylight time) and most frequent during the afternoon (1300 to 1700 h). Drinking by foals was very rare. The youngest age at which a foal was observed to drink was 3 wk, and 8 of 15 foals were never observed to drink before weaning. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3988655 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Brown, R.F.; Houpt, K.A.; Schryver, H.F. |
| Title |
Stimulation of food intake in horses by diazepam and promazine |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
495-497 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Diazepam/*pharmacology; Diet; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Promazine/*pharmacology; Stimulation, Chemical |
| Abstract |
In two adult horses doses of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg diazepam, intravenously, increased 1 hr intake 54-75% above control levels. Intake was stimulated when the diet was a high grain, calorically dense one and also when the diet was a high fiber, calorically dilute one. Two young rapidly growing weanling horses showed an even more pronounced stimulation of intake. Following diazepam 1 hr intake was increased 105-240% above control lelvels. Promazine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg also stimulated intake in adult horses, but not as markedly as did diazepam. A transquilizer and a neuroleptic appear to have a stimulatory eff upon short-term intake in horses. |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0091-3057 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:1005496 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
60 |
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| Author |
Houpt, T.R.; Houpt, K.A. |
| Title |
Nitrogen conservation by ponies fed a low -protein ration |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
579-588 |
| Keywords |
Administration, Oral; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology; Horses/*metabolism; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Urea/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Water/metabolism |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:5110116 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
62 |
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| Author |
Doherty, T.J.; Frazier, D.L. |
| Title |
Effect of intravenous lidocaine on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
300-303 |
| Keywords |
Anesthetics/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacology; Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage/*analysis; Animals; Consciousness/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Halothane/administration & dosage/*analysis; Horses/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Lidocaine/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacology; Male |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the effect of lidocaine i.v. on halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in ponies. Six ponies were anaesthetised with thiopentone and succinylcholine, intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane. Ventilation was controlled and blood pressure maintained within clinically acceptable limits. Following a 2 h equilibration period, baseline halothane MAC was determined. The ponies were then given a loading dose of lidocaine (2.5 or 5 mg/kg bwt) or saline over 5 min, followed by a constant infusion of lidocaine (50 or 100 microg/kg/min, or saline, respectively). The halothane MAC was redetermined after a 60 min infusion of lidocaine or saline. The baseline halothane MAC for the control group was mean +/- s.d. 0.94 +/- 0.03%, and no significant decrease occurred following saline infusion. Lidocaine decreased halothane MAC in a dose-dependent fashion (r = 0.86; P < 0.0003). The results indicate that i.v. lidocaine may have a role in equine anaesthesia. |
| Address |
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9705112 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
95 |
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| Author |
Forster, H.V.; Pan, L.G.; Bisgard, G.E.; Flynn, C.; Hoffer, R.E. |
| Title |
Changes in breathing when switching from nares to tracheostomy breathing in awake ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1214-1221 |
| Keywords |
Airway Resistance; Animals; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Consciousness; Exertion; Horses/*physiology; Lung Compliance; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors/physiology; *Respiration; Respiratory Dead Space; *Tracheotomy |
| Abstract |
We assessed the consequences of respiratory unloading associated with tracheostomy breathing (TBr). Three normal and three carotid body-denervated (CBD) ponies were prepared with chronic tracheostomies that at rest reduced physiological dead space (VD) from 483 +/- 60 to 255 +/- 30 ml and lung resistance from 1.5 +/- 0.14 to 0.5 +/- 0.07 cmH2O . l-1 . s. At rest and during steady-state mild-to-heavy exercise arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was approximately 1 Torr higher during nares breathing (NBr) than during TBr. Pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume (VT) were greater and alveolar ventilation was less during NBr than TBr. Breathing frequency (f) did not differ between NBr and TBr at rest, but f during exercise was greater during TBr than during NBr. These responses did not differ between normal and CBD ponies. We also assessed the consequences of increasing external VD (300 ml) and resistance (R, 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s) by breathing through a tube. At rest and during mild exercise tube breathing caused PaCO2 to transiently increase 2-3 Torr, but 3-5 min later PaCO2 usually was within 1 Torr of control. Tube breathing did not cause f to change. When external R was increased 1 cmH2O . l-1 . s by breathing through a conventional air collection system, f did not change at rest, but during exercise f was lower than during unencumbered breathing. These responses did not differ between normal, CBD, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies, and they did not differ when external VD or R were added at either the nares or tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
8750-7587 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4055600 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
100 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
The effect of some anti-diarrhoeal drugs on intestinal transit and faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
229-234 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antidiarrheals/*pharmacology; Atropine/pharmacology; Electrolytes/*analysis/urine; Feces/*analysis; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects; Horses/*metabolism/physiology; Loperamide/pharmacology; Male; Meperidine/pharmacology; Morphine/pharmacology; Opium/pharmacology; Water/*analysis |
| Abstract |
The effect of morphine, Tinct. opii, loperamide, pethidine and atropine on intestinal transit and the faecal and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in ponies. The rate of passage of a particulate marker was slowed by morphine, hastened then slowed by loperamide and Tinct. opii, and hastened by atropine. The liquid marker was slowed by Tinct. opii and hastened then slowed by the other drugs. Only loperamide decreased the faecal sodium excretion. This drug also decreased faecal water and weight; it appeared worthy of clinical trial in diarrhoea. Tinct. opii decreased by morphine, pethidine and atropine increased faecal water. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:738263 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
110 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
589-593 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Feces/*analysis; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology; Male; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0007-1188 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:907872 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
111 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F.; Davies, M.E. |
| Title |
Studies on vitamin B12 in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
The British veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br. Vet. J. |
| Volume |
125 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
169-176 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Biological Assay; Cattle; Chickens; Feces/analysis; Horses/*metabolism; Humans; Lactobacillus/metabolism; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Urine/analysis; Vitamin B 12/*analysis |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0007-1935 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:5814055 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
116 |
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