| Records |
| Author |
Huizinga, H.A.; Korver, S.; van der Meij, G.J.W. |
| Title |
Stationary performance testing of stallions from the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population. 2. Estimated heritabilities of and correlations between successive judgements of performance traits |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Livestock Production Science |
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| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
245-254 |
| Keywords |
dressage; genetic parameters; horse; jumping; performance; stallion |
| Abstract |
The length of test period of stationary performance testing (SPT) of stallions of the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population is evaluated. Heritability of successive judgements of traits and the phenotypic and genetic relations between successive judgements are estimated. Data from 1983-1988 are used, covering scores from 206 mostly 3-year-old stallions. Ten subjectively scored traits are considered: walk, trot, canter, riding ability, jumping ability, free jumping, cross country, character, stable behaviour, training report. Traits are successively scored at about 25, 50, 80 and 100 days in SPT. Missing scores are predicted on basis of the available scores using multiple partial regression coefficients. Validity of this method is checked in an independent data set for walk, trot and canter. The correlations between predicted and realized scores average 0.74, 0.77 and 0.79 when first, first and second, and first, second and third judgements are available, respectively. Variance and covariance components are estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. Data from SPT are analysed using an animal model. Estimates of heritability are high and constant for gaits during the successive judgements. Except for stable behaviour estimates of heritability, the traits decrease slightly during the successive judgements. Estimates of the phenotypic and genetic correlations between successive judgements are high. It is concluded that length of SPT can be shortened and selection during SPT can be intensified. |
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3963 |
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Huizinga, H.A.; Boukamp, M.; Smolders, G. |
| Title |
Estimated parameters of field performance testing of mares from the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Livestock Production Science |
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| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
291-299 |
| Keywords |
competition; genetic parameters; horse breeding; mares; performance test |
| Abstract |
The field performance testing (FPT) of mares of the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population is evaluated. Phenotypic and genetic parameters of scored traits are estimated and the genetic relationship with performance of half-sibs in dressage and jumping competition are estimated. Data from 1984 to 1987 are used, covering scores from 2023 at least 3-year-old mares. Seven subjectively scored traits are considered, walk, trot, canter, riding ability, character, jumping ability and total score. Analysis of data is according to a sire model. Variance and covariance components are estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures. Estimates of heritability are moderately low for gaits (average 0.19), jumping ability (0.15) and total score (0.17) and extremely low for riding ability (0.03) and character (0.06). Dressage in competition is most correlated with riding ability (0.83) and is moderately correlated with total score (0.41) from FPT of mares. Jumping competition is most correlated with jumping ability (0.48) and not correlated with total score (0.05) from field test of mares. Some possible bias owing to previous knowledge and preselection is discussed. It is concluded that efficiency of present FPT of mares is limited for selection of broodmares for dressage and jumping ability in competition. |
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3964 |
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Denoix, J.M. |
| Title |
Approche mecanique des allures et du saut chez le cheval |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science & Sports |
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6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
117-124 |
| Keywords |
cheval; locomotion; biomecanique; horse; locomotion; biomechanics |
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Resume La locomotion du cheval implique des contraintes mecaniques elevees sur les os, les articulations, les muscles et les tendons. Son etude permet de mieux connaitre les interventions actives ou passives de ces organes au cours des allures et du saut. Ces elements sont utiles pour la mise en oeuvre rationnelle d'exercices d'entrainement chez le cheval de sport ou de courses, en fonction des exigences de la discipline et des eventuels problemes locomoteurs du sujet. L'etude mecanique de la locomotion du cheval est par ailleurs indispensable pour l'amelioration de la connaissance des boiteries. Elle permet de preciser la genese des lesions osteoarticulaires et musculo-tendineuses et contribue a ameliorer leur traitement.Summary Locomotion of the horse is correlated with a great variety of mechanical stresses on bones, joints, muscles and tendons. Research on locomotion increases the knowledge of passive and active interventions of these structures during gaits and jump. These data are useful to manage the training of sport and jump horses, especially to fit with the particularities of the sport speciality and individual locomotor problems of horses. Beside, studies of locomotion in the horse are of importance to improve the knowledge of lamenesses. They contribute to precise the pathogenesis of osteoarticular and musculotendinous injuries and improve their treatment. |
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3976 |
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| Author |
Cho, K.C.; Chan, K.K. |
| Title |
Kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology |
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| Volume |
786 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
103-108 |
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Metmyoglobin denaturation; Temperature jump; Denaturation kinetics; Conformational transformation; (Horse heart) |
| Abstract |
Using a slow temperature-jump spectrophotometer, we have studied the kinetics of cold-induced denaturation of metmyoglobin between 0[degree sign]C and 20[degree sign]C at acidic pH. The time-scale of the transition is slow and is of the order of minutes. The results are consistent with the transition's involving a total of three states, native (N), transient intermediate (I) and denatured (D), which are converted from one to the other in that order. |
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3978 |
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Falewee, C.; Gaultier, E.; Lafont, C.; Bougrat, L.; Pageat, P. |
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Effect of a synthetic equine maternal pheromone during a controlled fear-eliciting situation |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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101 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
144-153 |
| Keywords |
Horses; Behaviour; Fear; Pheromone; Heart rate; Performance |
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Horses are known to show fear reactions when confronted with novelty and this can be a considerable hindrance in the context of working situations such as riding, dressage or racing. The aim of the present study was to measure the potential effects of a synthetic analogue of the Equine Appeasing Pheromone on saddled horses when subjected to a stressful situation using a double-blinded, placebo controlled study design. A group of 40 horses was analyzed during this study and horses were divided by sex, breed and reactivity into two homogenized groups. The test, which consisted of walking the horse through a fringed curtain, was selected from a range of tests which are used to assess behaviour for the selection of French breeding stock. Horses that could have been subjected to the test on a previous occasion, and therefore be familiar with it, were not included. Behavioural and physiological parameters were both taken into account with measures of time to go through the curtain, fear related typical behavioural patterns, based on available literature detailed in the bibliography, and heart rate being recorded. Parameters were analyzed by means of Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant differences were noticed between the two groups concerning heart rate data during the test (UMeanHR = 100.5, pMeanHR = 0.02; UMaxHR = 75, pMaxHR = 0.001) and during the whole measured period (UMeanHR = 67, pMeanHR = 0.005; UMaxHR = 58, pMaxHR = 0.002). Observation of the animals also revealed less behavioural items characteristic of fear within the treated group. As a result, horses performed the test with a better time performance when they received the pheromone analogue (U = 62, p = 0.002). The main parameter, area under the HR graph, is based on heart rate measure and performance. Differences noticed (U = 74, p = 0.002) for this parameter lead to the conclusion that horses who received EAP underwent less stress related consequences in terms of their cardiac physiology. As horses are subjected to a number of foreseeable stressful events this study suggests that the use of Equine Appeasing Pheromone could be a significant factor in improving the welfare of this species. |
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3992 |
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Boissevain, I. |
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[Animal and human rights in installments] |
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2007 |
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Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
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132 |
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4 |
Pages |
132 |
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Animals; Clinical Competence/*standards; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Humans; Netherlands; Time Factors; Veterinary Medicine/*methods/*standards |
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Dutch |
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Dierenrechten en mensenrechten in termijnen |
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0040-7453 |
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PMID:17366876 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4018 |
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Bradley, B.L. |
| Title |
Animal flavor types and their specific uses in compound feeds by species and age |
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Journal Article |
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1980 |
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Fortschritte in der Tierphysiologie und Tierernahrung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fortschr Tierphysiol Tierernahr |
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11 |
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110-122 |
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Aging; *Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Energy Intake; *Flavoring Agents; Horses; Poultry; Smell; Species Specificity; Sweetening Agents; Swine; Taste |
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English |
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0301-570X |
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PMID:7390352 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4314 |
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Jordan, J. |
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[Modern views on the structure and function of the vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ in mammals] |
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Journal Article |
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1970 |
Publication |
Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology |
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Otolaryngol Pol |
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24 |
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4 |
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457-462 |
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Animals; Cats; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Mice; Nasal Septum/anatomy & histology/blood supply/cytology/innervation/physiology; Nose/*anatomy & histology/blood supply/innervation/*physiology; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Smell |
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Obecne poglady na budowe i czynnosc narzadu lemieszowo-nosowego (Jacobsona) u ssakow |
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0030-6657 |
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PMID:4918960 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4315 |
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Munsters, C.C.B.M.; Visser, K.E.K.; van den Broek, J.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. |
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The influence of challenging objects and horse-rider matching on heart rate, heart rate variability and behavioural score in riding horses |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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The Veterinary Journal |
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192 |
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1 |
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75-80 |
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Horse-rider interaction; Horse compliance; Welfare; Heart rate; Behaviour score |
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A good horse-rider ‘match’ is important in the context of equine welfare. To quantify the influence of repetition and horse-rider matching on the stress of horses encountering challenging objects, 16 Warmblood horses were ridden in a test-setting on three occasions. On each occasion the horse was ridden by a different rider and was challenged by three objects (A–C). Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) of horse and rider, and behaviour score (BS) of the horse were obtained for each object and as a total for each test. The horse-rider interaction was evaluated with each combination and assessed as ‘matching’ or ‘mismatching’, and the horses were categorised as ‘compliant’, ‘partly-compliant’ or ‘non-compliant’. Horses exhibited a decreased HR (P = 0.015) and a decreased BS (P = 0.004) within and across different tests. ‘Matching’ horse-rider combinations exhibited less stress as indicated by reduced HR (‘match’ 69 ± 10 vs. ‘mismatch’ 72 ± 9, P = 0.001) and BS (‘match’ 1.9 ± 1.1 vs. ‘mismatch’ 3.8 ± 1.4, P = 0.017) of the horse. ‘Compliant’ (68 ± 8, P < 0.001) and ‘partly-compliant’ (71 ± 9, P = 0.002) horses had significantly lower HR than ‘non-compliant’ (75 ± 9) animals. The findings of the study indicate that HR and BS measurements support a subjective ‘match’ diagnosis and HR measurement may be a valuable tool in assessing horse compliance. |
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1090-0233 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5636 |
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Gorecka, A.; Golonka, M.; Chruszczewski, M.; Jezierski, T. |
| Title |
A note on behaviour and heart rate in horses differing in facial hair whorl |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
105 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
244-248 |
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Horse; Hair whorls; Behavioural tests; Reactivity; Heart rate |
| Abstract |
The relationship between facial hair whorl position and reactivity, as assessed by behavioural measures (handling score = HS; startle reaction to a suddenly appearing novel object = SR; latency to touch a novel object = LNO) and heart rate measures (mean HR; increase in heart rate = IHR) were studied using 55 Konik horses reared either under conventional stable conditions or in the forest reserve. Horses were classified into four groups according to the whorl position and/or shape: (1) high, single whorl above the top eye line, n = 9; (2) medium, single whorl between the top and the bottom eye line, n = 30; (3) low, single whorl below the bottom eye line, n = 10; and (4) elongated or double whorl, n = 6. Horses with a high whorl position demonstrated a lesser degree of manageability as expressed by a lower HS compared to individuals with medium (P = 0.002) or low whorl positions (P = 0.016). Horses with different whorl positions did not differ significantly in their startle response to a suddenly appearing novel object (P = 0.685). The horses with an elongated or double whorl, which appeared only in the forest group, took significantly longer to approach the novel object than horses with medium (P = 0.006) or low (P = 0.005) whorl positions. No significant differences in mean HR and IHR between groups (HR: P = 0.629 and IHR: P = 0.214) were found. In conclusion, this study supports the relationship between the position of the hair whorl on the horses' head and their manageability during handling, as well as the latency to approach an unknown object. |
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