| Records |
| Author |
Lees, P.; Tavernor, W.D. |
| Title |
Influence of halothane and catecholamines on heart rate and rhythm in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1970 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
149-159 |
| Keywords |
Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Arrhythmia/*chemically induced; Atropine/pharmacology; Catecholamines/*pharmacology; Consciousness; Epinephrine/administration & dosage; Ethers; Female; Halothane/*pharmacology; Heart Rate/*drug effects; Horses; Hypercapnia/physiopathology; Isoproterenol/pharmacology; Male; Norepinephrine/pharmacology; Propranolol/pharmacology |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0007-1188 |
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| Notes |
PMID:5420092 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
103 |
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| Author |
Tavernor, W.D.; Lees, P. |
| Title |
A pharmacological investigation of the influence of suxamethonium on cardiac function in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Experientia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Experientia |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
582-583 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Arrhythmia/chemically induced; Consciousness; Halothane; Heart/innervation; Heart Rate/*drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Oxygen; Propranolol/pharmacology; Receptors, Sensory/drug effects; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinylcholine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology; Tachycardia/chemically induced; Thiopental |
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| ISSN |
0014-4754 |
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| Notes |
PMID:5697737 |
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no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
104 |
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| Author |
Lynch, J.J.; Fregin, G.F.; Mackie, J.B.; Monroe, R.R.J. |
| Title |
Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Psychophysiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychophysiology |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
472-478 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electrocardiography/veterinary; *Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Touch |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-5772 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4852234 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1965 |
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| Author |
Herder, S.L. |
| Title |
More cardiac dressage: galop, gallop, gal(l)opitty glop |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
Jama |
| Volume |
262 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
352 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Gait; *Heart Rate; Horses; Humans; Terminology; *Wit and Humor |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0098-7484 |
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| Notes |
PMID:2739033 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3757 |
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| Author |
Cattell, R.B.; Korth, B. |
| Title |
The isolation of temperament dimensions in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Behavioral Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Biol |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-30 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Biometry; Body Weight; *Dogs; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Heart Rate; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Models, Psychological; *Personality; Problem Solving; Social Behavior |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0091-6773 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4738708 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4140 |
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| Author |
Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M.; Blok, M.B.; Begeman, L.; Kamphuis, M.C.D.; Lameris, M.C.; Spierenburg, A.J.; Lashley, M.J.J.O. |
| Title |
Workload and stress in horses: comparison in horses ridden deep and round ('rollkur') with a draw rein and horses ridden in a natural frame with only light rein contact |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
| Volume |
131 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
152-157 |
| Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Biomechanics; Blood Glucose/analysis; Female; Heart Rate/physiology; Hematocrit/veterinary; Horses/blood/*physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Lactic Acid/blood; Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects/*physiology; Stress, Physiological/blood/etiology/veterinary |
| Abstract |
'Rollkur' or 'overbending' is the low and deep riding of a dressage horse during training or warming up. Lately, this technique has been criticized, and not necessarily objectively, on welfare grounds. To be able to evaluate these criticisms, more needs to be known about the workload and stress of horses being ridden 'rollkur'. The aim of the present study was to compare the workload of eight riding-school horses when being ridden deep and round with a draw rein ('rollkur') and when being ridden in a natural frame with only light rein contact ('free'). Workload (as measured by heart rate and blood lactate concentration) was slightly higher when horses were ridden 'rollkur' than when they were ridden 'free'. There were no differences in packed cell volume, or glucose and cortisol concentrations. No signs of uneasiness or stress could be determined when the horses were ridden 'rollkur'. Subjectively, all horses improved their way of moving during 'rollkur' and were more responsive to their rider. |
| Address |
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.sloet@vet.uu.nl |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0040-7453 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16532786 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5638 |
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| Author |
Munsters, C.C.B.M.; Visser, K.E.K.; van den Broek, J.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. |
| Title |
The influence of challenging objects and horse-rider matching on heart rate, heart rate variability and behavioural score in riding horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
192 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-80 |
| Keywords |
Horse-rider interaction; Horse compliance; Welfare; Heart rate; Behaviour score |
| Abstract |
A good horse-rider ‘match’ is important in the context of equine welfare. To quantify the influence of repetition and horse-rider matching on the stress of horses encountering challenging objects, 16 Warmblood horses were ridden in a test-setting on three occasions. On each occasion the horse was ridden by a different rider and was challenged by three objects (A–C). Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) of horse and rider, and behaviour score (BS) of the horse were obtained for each object and as a total for each test. The horse-rider interaction was evaluated with each combination and assessed as ‘matching’ or ‘mismatching’, and the horses were categorised as ‘compliant’, ‘partly-compliant’ or ‘non-compliant’. Horses exhibited a decreased HR (P = 0.015) and a decreased BS (P = 0.004) within and across different tests. ‘Matching’ horse-rider combinations exhibited less stress as indicated by reduced HR (‘match’ 69 ± 10 vs. ‘mismatch’ 72 ± 9, P = 0.001) and BS (‘match’ 1.9 ± 1.1 vs. ‘mismatch’ 3.8 ± 1.4, P = 0.017) of the horse. ‘Compliant’ (68 ± 8, P < 0.001) and ‘partly-compliant’ (71 ± 9, P = 0.002) horses had significantly lower HR than ‘non-compliant’ (75 ± 9) animals. The findings of the study indicate that HR and BS measurements support a subjective ‘match’ diagnosis and HR measurement may be a valuable tool in assessing horse compliance. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1090-0233 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5636 |
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| Author |
Rørvang, M.V.; Ahrendt, L.P.; Christensen, J.W. |
| Title |
A trained demonstrator has a calming effect on naïve horses when crossing a novel surface |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
171 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117-120 |
| Keywords |
Fear; Habituation; Social learning; Social transmission; Heart rate |
| Abstract |
Abstract Habituated horses have been found to have a calming effect on conspecifics in fear-eliciting situations. In practice, experienced horses are often used as companions when young horses are introduced to potentially frightening situations, like loading onto a trailer. However, studies of social transmission of habituation in horses are scarce. This study investigated if demonstration by a habituated demonstrator horse influenced the willingness of young Icelandic horses (n = 22, 3 years old) to cross a novel surface. Observer horses (n = 11) were allowed to observe the similarly aged demonstrator horse being led five times across a novel surface. Immediately afterwards the observer horses were given the opportunity to cross the novel surface themselves to obtain food on the other side. Controls (n = 11) were allowed to observe the demonstrator eating on the opposite side of the novel surface but not the demonstration of crossing the novel surface. All observers and controls succeeded the task, but observers had significantly lower average and maximum heart rate, compared to controls. This result suggests a calming effect of the demonstration, which could be exploited for habituation training of horses in fear-eliciting situations. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0168-1591 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5922 |
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| Author |
Leliveld, L.M.C.; Düpjan, S.; Tuchscherer, A.; Puppe, B. |
| Title |
Behavioural and physiological measures indicate subtle variations in the emotional valence of young pigs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
157 |
Issue |
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Pages |
116-124 |
| Keywords |
Emotion; Heart rate; Vocalisation; Emotional valence; Animal welfare; Domestic pig |
| Abstract |
Abstract In the study of animal emotions, emotional valence has been found to be difficult to measure. Many studies of farm animals' emotions have therefore focussed on the identification of indicators of strong, mainly negative, emotions. However, subtle variations in emotional valence, such as those caused by rather moderate differences in husbandry conditions, may also affect animals' mood and welfare when such variations occur consistently. In this study, we investigated whether repeated moderate aversive or rewarding events could lead to measurable differences in emotional valence in young, weaned pigs. We conditioned 105 female pigs in a test arena to either a repeated startling procedure (sudden noises or appearances of objects) or a repeated rewarding procedure (applesauce, toy and straw) over 11 sessions. Control pigs were also regularly exposed to the same test arena but without conditioning. Before and after conditioning, we measured heart rate and its variability as well as the behavioural reactions of the subjects in the test arena, with a special focus on detailed acoustic analyses of their vocalisations. The behavioural and heart rate measures were analysed as changes compared to the baseline values before conditioning. A limited number of the putative indicators of emotional valence were affected by the conditioning. We found that the negatively conditioned pigs showed changes that were significantly different from those in control pigs, namely a decrease in locomotion and an increase in standing. The positively conditioned pigs, however, showed a stronger increase in heart rate and a smaller decrease in SDNN (a heart rate variability parameter indicating changes in autonomic regulation) compared to the controls. Compared to the negatively conditioned pigs, the positively conditioned pigs produced fewer vocalisations overall as well as fewer low-frequency grunts but more high-frequency grunts. The low-frequency grunts of the negatively conditioned pigs also showed lower frequency parameters (bandwidth, maximum frequency, 25% and 50% quartiles) compared to those of the positively conditioned pigs. In any of the statistically significant results, the conditioning accounted for 1.5–11.9% of variability in the outcome variable. Hence, we conclude that repeated moderate aversive and rewarding events have weak but measurable effects on some aspects of behaviour and physiology in young pigs, possibly indicating changes in emotional valence, which could ultimately affect their welfare. The combination of ethophysiological indicators, i.e., the concurrent examination of heart rate measures, behavioural responses and especially vocalisation patterns, as used in the current study, might be a useful way of examining subtle effects on emotional valence in further studies. |
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| ISSN |
0031-9384 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6017 |
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| Author |
König v. Borstel, U.; Visser, E.K.; Hall, C. |
| Title |
Indicators of stress in equitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
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Pages |
43-56 |
| Keywords |
Stress; Horse; Riding; Heart rate variability; Cortisol; Behaviour |
| Abstract |
Abstract Stress is a generic concept describing the body's reaction to external stimuli, including both physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, by definition, the assessment of psychological stress in the exercising horse encompasses the problem of teasing apart the psychological and physiological factors both of which result in stress responses. The present study reviews the existing literature on various measures of stress taken specifically in the context of equitation science. Particular attention has been paid to short-term effects, and commonly used measurements of short-term stress include heart rate, a number of heart rate variability parameters, blood or saliva cortisol levels, eye temperature, and various behaviour parameters including in particular behaviour patterns presumably indicative of conflict with the rider's/trainer's aids. Inspection of the individual studies' results revealed that disagreement between these different measures of stress is commonplace. For physiological parameters, the largest proportion of agreement (i.e. both parameters simultaneously indicated either higher, insignificant or lower stress compared to a control treatment) was found for heart rate and heart rate variability parameters, while generally limited agreement was found for cortisol. It appears that cortisol levels may not be particularly useful for assessing/assessment of the valence of a situation in the exercising horse as cortisol levels are predominantly linked to activation and exercise levels. Although heart rate variability parameters reflect in theory more closely sympathovagal balance compared to cortisol levels, great care has to be taken regarding the use of appropriate time-frames, appropriate raw data correction methods as well as the use of appropriate equipment. In spite of its wide-spread and apparently successful use, popular equipment may in fact not be accurate enough under field conditions. Eye temperature is another promising parameter for assessment of psychological stress, but the technique is likewise susceptible to application errors. Given the high susceptibility of physiological parameters to errors at various experimental stages, behavioural rather than physiological parameters may in fact provide more accurate measures of valence when conducting experiments in the exercising horse. Behavioural parameters that appear to be particularly practical in assessing stress in ridden horses' behaviour are associated with frequencies of behaviour indicative of conflict. However, while increased frequencies of are a good indicator of stress, the absence of conflict behaviour does not provide proof of the absence of stress due to the possible occurrence of conditions such as Learned Helplessness. In future studies, the above issues should be taken into consideration when designing experiments to assess psychological stress in ridden horses. |
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Edition |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6160 |
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