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| Author | Choleris, E.; Kavaliers, M. | ||||
| Title | Social Learning in Animals: Sex Differences and Neurobiological Analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. |
| Volume | 64 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 767-776 |
| Keywords | Observational learning; Social learning; Individual learning; Imitation; Social constraints; Social facilitation; male-female differences; Gender differences | ||||
| Abstract | Social learning where an “individual's behavior is influenced by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products” has been extensively documented in a broad variety of species, including humans. Social learning occurs within the complex framework of an animal's social interactions that are markedly affected by factors such as dominance hierarchies, family bonds, age, and sex of the interacting individuals. Moreover, it is clear that social learning is influenced not only by important sexually dimorphic social constraints but also that it involves attention, motivational, and perceptual mechanisms, all of which exhibit substantial male-female differences. Although sex differences have been demonstrated in a wide range of cognitive and behavioral processes, investigations of male-female differences in social learning and its neurobiological substrates have been largely neglected. As such, sex differences in social learning and its neurobiological substrates merit increased attention. This review briefly considers various aspects of the study of social learning in mammals, and indicates where male-female differences have either been described, neglected and, or could have a potential impact. It also describes the results of neurobiological investigations of social learning and considers the relevance of these findings to other sexually dimorphic cognitive processes. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 575 | ||
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| Author | Deutsch, J.; Lee, P. | ||||
| Title | Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Int. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 615-628 |
| Keywords | female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress | ||||
| Abstract | The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 813 | ||
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| Author | Francis-Smith, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. | ||||
| Title | Copropgagia as seen in thoroughbred foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 155-157 |
| Keywords | animal; article; coprophagy; defecation; eating; female; horse; horse disease; human; mastication | ||||
| Abstract | Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development. | ||||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1090 | |||
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| Author | Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. | ||||
| Title | Response:Lioness leadership | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 271 | Issue | 5253 | Pages | 1215-1216 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality | ||||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 | Serial | 2072 | ||
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| Author | Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn | ||||
| Title | Lioness leadership | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 271 | Issue | 5253 | Pages | 1216-1219 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality | ||||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 | Serial | 2073 | ||
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| Author | Connor, R.C.; Wells, R.S.; Mann, J.; Read,A.J. | ||||
| Title | The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 91-126 | ||
| Keywords | cetacean social behavior, male alliance formation, most cetacean species, platanistid river dolphins, cetacean sociality, strategies and social bonds, female cetaceans, many cetologists, most mysticetes, sperm whale calves, passive fishing nets, variant whistles, historical whaling records, cetacean systematics, stable matrilineal groups, peak calving season, suction cup tags, mutualistic groups, cetacean vocalizations, focal animal studies, larger odontocetes, predictive signaling, individual cetaceans, sperm whale clicks, resident killer whales | ||||
| Abstract | Book Description “Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.”-from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Mann, J.;Connor, R.C.; Tyack, P.L.;Whitehead, H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226503417 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4427 | ||
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| Author | Scordato, E.S.; Drea, C.M. | ||||
| Title | Scents and sensibility: information content of olfactory signals in the ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 301-314 |
| Keywords | chemical communication; female dominance; individual recognition; intrasexual competition; Lemur catta; mate choice; reproductive signalling; ringtailed lemur; scent marking; seasonality | ||||
| Abstract | The function of olfactory signalling in social species is less well understood than in asocial species. Consequently, we examined olfactory communication in the ringtailed lemur, a socially complex primate that retains a functional vomeronasal organ, has well-developed scent glands and shows a suite of scent-marking behaviour. To assess the information content of different types of scent gland secretions, we decoupled olfactory cues from the visual and behavioural modalities with which scent marking is normally associated. We presented male and female subjects (signal receivers) with a series of choice tests between odours derived from conspecific donors (signal senders) varying by sex, age, social status and reproductive condition. We additionally examined the influence of the receivers' reproductive state and familiarity with the signaller. The reproductive condition, social status and familiarity of senders and receivers affected signal transmission; specifically, male receivers attended most to the odours of conspecifics in breeding condition and to the odours of familiar, dominant animals. By contrast, females varied their responses according to both their own reproductive state and that of the sender. Based on male and female patterns of countermarking, we suggest that scent marking serves a function in intergroup spacing and intrasexual competition for both sexes, as might be expected in a female-dominant species. By contrast, minimal female interest in male odours counters a female mate choice function for scent marking in this species. Nevertheless, scent marks are critical to male-male competition and, therefore, may be subject to sexual selection. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4648 | ||
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| Author | Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A.; Henzi, S.P. | ||||
| Title | Social relationships of mountain baboons: Leadership and affiliation in a non-female-bonded monkey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 313-329 |
| Keywords | relationships; one-male groups; female-bonding; spacing; support; Papio ursinus; Papio hamadryas | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract 10.1002/ajp.1350200409.abs Instead of close and differentiated relationships among adult females, the accepted norm for savanna baboons, groups of Drakensberg mountain baboons (Papio ursinus) showed strong affiliation of females towards a single male. The same male was usually the decision-making animal in controlling group movements. Lactating or pregnant females focused their grooming on this “leader” male, producing a radially patterned sociogram, as in the desert baboon (P. hamadryas); the leader male supported young animals in the group against aggression and protected them against external threats. Unlike typical savanna baboons, these mountain baboons rarely displayed approach-retreat or triadic interactions, and entirely lacked coalitions among adult females. Both groups studied were reproductively one-male; male-female relationships in one were like those in a unit of a hamadryas male at his peak, while the other group resembled the unit of an old hamadryas male, who still leads the group, with a male follower starting to build up a new unit and already monopolizing mating. In their mountain environment, where the low population density suggests conditions as harsh for baboons as in deserts, adults in these groups kept unusually large distances apart during ranging; kin tended to range apart, and spacing of adults was greatest at the end of the dry, winter season. These facts support the hypothesis that sparse food is responsible for convergence with hamadryas social organization. It is suggested that all baboons, though matrilocal, are better categorized as “cross-sex-bonded” than “female bonded”. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1098-2345 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5309 | ||
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| Author | Duboscq, J.; Agil, M.; Engelhardt, A.; Thierry, B. | ||||
| Title | The function of postconflict interactions: new prospects from the study of a tolerant species of primate | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | Pages | 107-120 | |
| Keywords | aggression; anxiety; conflict management; female; Macaca nigra; reconciliation; social tolerance; third-party interaction | ||||
| Abstract | Aggression can generate anxiety, create uncertainty about its aftermath and jeopardise social relationships. Postconflict interactions serve as conflict management strategies to mitigate these consequences. Whereas postconflict interactions are well characterized in many animals, their functions are still insufficiently investigated. Four functional hypotheses have been proposed: stress reduction, relationship repair, self-protection and benign intent. We aimed to test these hypotheses in females of a tolerant macaque species, the crested macaque, Macaca nigra, under natural conditions, for three postconflict interactions: reconciliation, affiliation and aggression with third parties. Our results provide meaningful contrasts compared with findings in other species. We found no evidence that aggression had consequences for individuals' behavioural indicators of anxiety, although it increased the likelihood of secondary aggression with third parties. There was little evidence for the stress reduction hypothesis as the occurrence of any of the three postconflict interactions investigated had little effect on the measured behavioural indicators of anxiety. Conflict and dyad characteristics also had limited influence on anxiety. The relationship repair function was only partly validated: dyads with stronger bonds or that exchanged more support did not reconcile more often, but dyads with attributes related to the symmetry, stability and predictability (i.e. security) within relationships did. Patterns of initiation and directionality of postconflict interactions in this study population suggest that reconciliation may constitute the signalling of appeasement and benign intent. Furthermore, we found that aggression towards third parties may serve as a source of self-protection and reassertion of the females' social status. The distinctive pattern of postconflict management strategies revealed in wild female crested macaques appears to be related to their typically tolerant social style. These results demonstrate the usefulness of concomitantly studying aggression, postconflict interactions and their functions, to understand conflict management strategies comprehensively, while taking into account the level of social tolerance characterizing the studied society. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5889 | ||
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| Author | Paukner, A.; Anderson, J.R.; Fujita, K. | ||||
| Title | Redundant food searches by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): a failure of metacognition? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 110-117 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Cebus; *Concept Formation; Female; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | This study investigated capuchin monkeys' understanding of their own visual search behavior as a means to gather information. Five monkeys were presented with three tubes that could be visually searched to determine the location of a bait. The bait's visibility was experimentally manipulated, and the monkeys' spontaneous visual searches before tube selection were analyzed. In Experiment 1, three monkeys selected the baited tube significantly above chance; however, the monkeys also searched transparent tubes. In Experiment 2, a bent tube in which food was never visible was introduced. When the bent tube was baited, the monkeys failed to deduce the bait location and responded randomly. They also continued to look into the bent tube despite not gaining any pertinent information from it. The capuchin monkeys' behavior contrasts with the efficient employment of visual search behavior reported in humans, apes and macaques. This difference is consistent with species-related variations in metacognitive abilities, although other explanations are also possible. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. ap14@stir.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16184375 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 15 | ||
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