| Records |
| Author |
Earley, R.L.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
| Title |
Eavesdropping on visual cues in green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) fights: a case for networking |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
269 |
Issue |
1494 |
Pages |
943-952 |
Keywords  |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cyprinodontiformes; Female; Male |
| Abstract |
Aggressive contests probably occur in networking environments where information about fighting ability is conveyed both to an opponent and to individuals peripheral to the fight itself, the bystanders. Our primary aim was to investigate the relative influences of eavesdropping and prior social experience on the dynamics of aggressive contests in Xiphophorus helleri. A bystander's ability to witness an encounter was manipulated using clear, one-way mirror, and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) the initial contest, the bystander encountered either the winner or loser of the bout. Treatment comparisons of bystander-winner or bystander-loser contest dynamics indicated the presence or absence of winner, loser, or eavesdropping effects. Winner and loser effects had negligible influences on bystander contest dynamics. Eavesdropping significantly reduced the bystander's propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, and win against seen winners regardless of whether the watched bout had escalated or not. Though eavesdropping had relatively little effect on bystander-loser contest dynamics, bystanders were less prone to initiate aggression and win against losers that had escalated in the witnessed bout. Thus, bystanders appear to preferentially retain and utilize information gained about potentially dangerous opponents (winners or persistent losers). Our data lend clear support for the importance of eavesdropping in visually based aggressive signalling systems. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, Life Science, Room 139, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. rlearl01@athena.louisville.edu |
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| Language |
English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0962-8452 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12028778 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
498 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. |
| Title |
Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-18 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7189148 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
59 |
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| Author |
Meral, Y.; Cakiroglu, D.; Sancak, A.A.; Cyftcy, G.; Karabacak, A. |
| Title |
Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-32 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Horses/*blood; Lipids/*blood; Male; Serotonin/*blood |
| Abstract |
Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids. |
| Address |
Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey. ymeral@omu.edu.t |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0341-6593 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17252934 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1835 |
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| Author |
Kawamura, S. |
| Title |
Aggression as studied in troops of Japanese monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1967 |
Publication |
UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
UCLA Forum Med Sci |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-223 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Defense Mechanisms; Female; *Haplorhini; Homosexuality; Humans; Japan; Leadership; Male; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Socialization |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0082-7134 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4972333 |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
2056 |
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| Author |
Jolly, A. |
| Title |
Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
69 Suppl 1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-13 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Evolution; Female; Intelligence; Lemur/*psychology; Male; *Pair Bond; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; Strepsirhini/psychology |
| Abstract |
Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males. |
| Address |
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, N.J. 08544, USA. ajolly@princeton.edu |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9595685 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4179 |
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| Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B.; Paul, K.S.; Gordon, T.P. |
| Title |
Removal of a trauma-inflicting alpha matriline from a group of rhesus macaques to control severe wounding |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Laboratory animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lab Anim Sci |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
344-350 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Female; *Macaca mulatta; Male; *Monkey Diseases; *Social Dominance; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
Wounding in an 83-member group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Field Station became excessive to the point that intervention was deemed necessary. When observations indicated that three females from the group's alpha matriline were principally responsible for the wounding, the matriline (N = 7) was removed from the group. This study was conducted to document an atypical pattern of wounding in this group and to evaluate the effectiveness of removal as a procedure for controlling injuries. The aggression rates of 21 adult subjects and the wounds of all group members were recorded before and after the removal procedure and compared with those in a similar-sized group. Removing the alpha matriline did not alter aggression rates in the group or the rank order among the remaining matrilines. Aggression rates in the experimental group were also not significantly different from those in the comparison group before or after the removal. With the alpha matriline present, wounding levels in the group were significantly higher than those in the comparison group. After removal of the matriline, the frequency of wounds decreased significantly to levels similar to those of the comparison group. The pattern of excess wounding attributed to the extracted alpha females was idiosyncratic, involving removal of large patches of skin from the hindquarters of adult females or removal of the distal portion of the fingers, toes, or tail from juveniles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329 |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0023-6764 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7983846 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
207 |
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| Author |
Cooper, M.A.; Bernstein, I.S. |
| Title |
Counter aggression and reconciliation in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
215-230 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Female; *Macaca; Male; Phylogeny; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Patterns of aggressive and affiliative behavior, such as counter aggression and reconciliation, are said to covary in the genus Macaca; this is referred to as the systematic variation hypothesis. These behavior patterns constitute a species dominance style. Van Schaik's [1989] socioecological model explains dominance style in macaques in terms of within- and between-group contest competition. Dominance style is also said to correlate with phylogeny in macaques. The present study was undertaken to examine phylogenetic and socioecological explanations of dominance style, as well as the systematic variation hypothesis. We collected data on counter aggression and reconciliation from a habituated group of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at the Tukeswari Temple in Assam, India. The proportion of agonistic episodes that involved counter aggression was relatively low. Counter aggression, however, occurred more often among males than among females, and it was most common when females initiated aggression against males. The conciliatory tendency for this group of Assamese macaques was 11.2%. The frequency of reconciliation was low for fights among males and for fights among females, but reconciliation was particularly rare for opposite-sexed opponents. Female social relationships were consistent with the systematic variation hypothesis, and suggest a despotic dominance style. A despotic dominance style in Assamese macaques weakens the correlation between dominance style and phylogeny in macaques, but it is not inconsistent with the socioecological model. Male-female relationships were not well explained by the despotic-egalitarian framework, and males may well have more tolerant social relationships than do females. Sex differences need to be considered when categorizing species according to dominance style. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. biomcc@langate.gsu.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0275-2565 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11948638 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2877 |
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. |
| Title |
Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-19 |
| Keywords |
*Aging; Animals; *Coprophagia; Deoxycholic Acid/physiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses; Humans; Male; Pheromones/physiology; Time Factors; Urination |
| Abstract |
In colts and fillies observed from birth to 24 weeks old, coprophagy occurred from Weeks 1 to 19. Its frequency was greatest during the first two months. Coprophagy was rarely observed in mares and stallions. Foals usually ate the faeces of their mother but were observed to eat their own and those of a stallion and another unrelated mare. Urination by the foal occurred before, during or after 26 per cent of the coprophagy incidents. It is hypothesised that foals may consume faeces in response to a maternal pheromone which signals the presence of deoxycholic acid or other acids which the foal may be deficient in and which it may require for gut immuno-competence myelination of the nervous system. Such a pheromone may also serve to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Coprophagy may also provide nutrients and introduce normal bacterial flora to the gut. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4038939 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
55 |
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| Author |
Kutsukake, N.; Castles, D.L. |
| Title |
Reconciliation and post-conflict third-party affiliation among wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
157-165 |
| Keywords |
*Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Male; Observation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Tanzania; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
This study investigated post-conflict (PC) behavior among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of the M-group in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, and examined what types of behavior characterize the PC situation in this group, and the factors that influence the occurrence of PC affiliation between opponents soon after the end of an aggressive conflict (i.e., reconciliation). We found that the opponents affiliated selectively soon after the end of aggression, suggesting that reconciliation occurred in this group. The mean individual corrected conciliatory tendency (CCT) (Veenema et al. 1994 in Behav Proc 31:29-38) was 14.4%, which is similar to or lower than frequencies observed in studies of captive and wild chimpanzees. The valuable relationship hypothesis predicts that the CCT is higher among individuals who share valuable relationships (e.g., males or affiliative dyads) than among individuals who do not (e.g., females or less-associative dyads). However, the analysis based on data for aggression between unrelated individuals (including one incident between an adult and non-adult) and aggression between unrelated adults, did not uncover this difference. Affiliation by a previously uninvolved individual with the victim (“consolation”) and with the aggressor (“appeasement”) occurred more frequently following aggression than in the control condition. The results are compared with previous studies of captive and wild chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. kutsu@darwin.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp |
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English |
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Edition |
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0032-8332 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15114477 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2883 |
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| Author |
Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H. |
| Title |
Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
287 |
| Keywords |
*Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; *DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; *Polymorphism, Genetic |
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| Address |
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0268-9146 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7985852 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2213 |
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