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Author  |
Cleveland, A.; Rocca, A.M.; Wendt, E.L.; Westergaard, G.C. | ||||
| Title | Transport of tools to food sites in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 193-198 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Association Learning; Cebus/*psychology; *Concept Formation; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; *Problem Solving | ||||
| Abstract | Tool use and transport represent cognitively important aspects of early hominid evolution, and nonhuman primates are often used as models to examine the cognitive, ecological, morphological and social correlates of these behaviors in order to gain insights into the behavior of our early human ancestors. In 2001, Jalles-Filho et al. found that free-ranging capuchin monkeys failed to transport tools (stones) to food sites (nuts), but transported the foods to the tool sites. This result cast doubt on the usefulness of Cebus to model early human tool-using behavior. In this study, we examined the performance of six captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a tool transport task. Subjects were provided with the opportunity to transport two different tools to fixed food reward sites when the food reward was visible from the tool site and when the food reward was not visible from the tool site. We found that the subjects quickly and readily transported probing tools to an apparatus baited with syrup, but rarely transported stones to a nut-cracking apparatus. We suggest that the performance of the capuchins here reflects an efficient foraging strategy, in terms of energy return, among wild Cebus monkeys. | ||||
| Address | Alpha Genesis, 95 Castle Hall Road, P.O. Box 557, Yemassee, SC 29945, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15022055 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2539 | ||
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| Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. | ||||
| Title | Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 202-216 |
| Keywords | Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:961125 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 661 | ||
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| Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. | ||||
| Title | Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 293 | Issue | 5539 | Pages | 2446-2449 |
| Keywords | Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain | ||||
| Abstract | Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11577235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 414 | ||
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| Author |
Cole, P.D.; Adamo, S.A. | ||||
| Title | Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis: Cephalopoda) hunting behavior and associative learning | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-30 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Conditioning, Classical; Female; Male; *Mollusca; Photic Stimulation; *Predatory Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Because most learning studies in cephalopods have been performed on octopods, it remains unclear whether such abilities are specific to octopus, or whether they correlate with having a larger and more centrally organized brain. To investigate associative learning in a different cephalopod, six sexually mature cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) participated in a counterbalanced, within-subjects, appetitive, classical conditioning procedure. Two plastic spheres (conditioned stimuli, CSs), differing in brightness, were presented sequentially. Presentation of the CS+ was followed 5 s later by a live feeder fish (unconditioned stimulus, US). Cuttlefish began to attack the CS+ with the same type of food-acquisition seizures used to capture the feeder fish. After seven blocks of training (42 presentations of each CS) the difference in seizure probability between CS+ and CS- trials more than doubled; and was found to be significantly higher in late versus early blocks. These results indicate that cuttlefish exhibit autoshaping under some conditions. The possible ecological significance of this type of learning is briefly discussed. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15592760 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2500 | ||
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| Author |
Coleman, K.; Tully, L.A.; McMillan, J.L. | ||||
| Title | Temperament correlates with training success in adult rhesus macaques | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-71 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; *Inhibition (Psychology); *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Reinforcement (Psychology); *Temperament | ||||
| Abstract | In recent years there has been a marked increase in awareness of issues involving the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates (NHPs) used in biomedical research. As a result, many facilities are starting to train primates to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary, husbandry, and research procedures, such as remaining still for blood draws or injections. Such training generally reduces the stress associated with these procedures, resulting in calmer animals and, ultimately, better research models. However, such training requires great investments in time, and there can be vast individual differences in training success. Some animals learn tasks quickly, while others make slower progress in training. In this study, we examined whether temperament, as measured by response to a novel food object, correlated with the amount of time it took to train 20 adult female rhesus macaques to perform a simple task. The monkeys were categorized as “exploratory” (i.e., inspected a novel object placed in the home cage within 10 sec), “moderate” (i.e., inspected the object within 10-180 sec), or “inhibited” (i.e., did not inspect the object within 3 min). We utilized positive reinforcement techniques to train the monkeys to touch a target (PVC pipe shaped like an elbow) hung on their cage. Temperament correlated with training success in this study (Pearson chi2=7.22, df=2, P=0.03). We easily trained over 75% of the animals that inspected the novel food (i.e., exploratory or moderate individuals) to touch the target. However, only 22% of the inhibited monkeys performed the task. By knowing which animals may not respond to conventional training methods, we may be able to develop alternate training techniques to address their specific needs. In addition, these results will allow us to screen monkeys to be assigned to research projects in which they will be trained, with the goal of obtaining the best candidates for those studies. | ||||
| Address | Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA. colemank@ohsu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15645460 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4112 | ||
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| Author |
Collery, L. | ||||
| Title | Observations of equine animals under farm and feral conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1974 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 170-173 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Puberty; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4473340 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 680 | ||
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| Author |
Connor, R.C.; Wells, R.S.; Mann, J.; Read,A.J. | ||||
| Title | The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 91-126 | ||
| Keywords | cetacean social behavior, male alliance formation, most cetacean species, platanistid river dolphins, cetacean sociality, strategies and social bonds, female cetaceans, many cetologists, most mysticetes, sperm whale calves, passive fishing nets, variant whistles, historical whaling records, cetacean systematics, stable matrilineal groups, peak calving season, suction cup tags, mutualistic groups, cetacean vocalizations, focal animal studies, larger odontocetes, predictive signaling, individual cetaceans, sperm whale clicks, resident killer whales | ||||
| Abstract | Book Description “Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.”-from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Mann, J.;Connor, R.C.; Tyack, P.L.;Whitehead, H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226503417 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4427 | ||
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| Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. | ||||
| Title | Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1985 | Publication | Journal of abnormal psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Abnorm Psychol |
| Volume | 94 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 591-610 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-843X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4078162 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 707 | ||
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| Author |
Cooper, M.A.; Bernstein, I.S. | ||||
| Title | Counter aggression and reconciliation in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 215-230 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Female; *Macaca; Male; Phylogeny; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Patterns of aggressive and affiliative behavior, such as counter aggression and reconciliation, are said to covary in the genus Macaca; this is referred to as the systematic variation hypothesis. These behavior patterns constitute a species dominance style. Van Schaik's [1989] socioecological model explains dominance style in macaques in terms of within- and between-group contest competition. Dominance style is also said to correlate with phylogeny in macaques. The present study was undertaken to examine phylogenetic and socioecological explanations of dominance style, as well as the systematic variation hypothesis. We collected data on counter aggression and reconciliation from a habituated group of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at the Tukeswari Temple in Assam, India. The proportion of agonistic episodes that involved counter aggression was relatively low. Counter aggression, however, occurred more often among males than among females, and it was most common when females initiated aggression against males. The conciliatory tendency for this group of Assamese macaques was 11.2%. The frequency of reconciliation was low for fights among males and for fights among females, but reconciliation was particularly rare for opposite-sexed opponents. Female social relationships were consistent with the systematic variation hypothesis, and suggest a despotic dominance style. A despotic dominance style in Assamese macaques weakens the correlation between dominance style and phylogeny in macaques, but it is not inconsistent with the socioecological model. Male-female relationships were not well explained by the despotic-egalitarian framework, and males may well have more tolerant social relationships than do females. Sex differences need to be considered when categorizing species according to dominance style. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. biomcc@langate.gsu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11948638 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2877 | ||
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| Author |
Cooper, M.A.; Berntein, I.S.; Hemelrijk, C.K. | ||||
| Title | Reconciliation and relationship quality in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 269-282 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Female; Macaca/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | A consistent conclusion in reconciliation research is that animals that reconcile are likely to have strong social bonds. This has led to the hypothesis that reconciliation occurs most often between valuable social partners. We tested this hypothesis in a group of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) living near a temple in Assam, India. Using focal sample and ad libitum data collection, we recorded the occurrence of reconciliation, grooming, and agonistic aiding, and the outcomes of approach. We used matrix association methods (TauKr correlation) to correlate reconciliation with grooming, aiding, and approach outcome. Females reconciled more often with females with which they had stronger grooming and aiding relationships. The correlation between reconciliation and aiding was significant for support to the aggressor and the victim. In contrast, no such correlations with reconciliation were found for males. This study provides evidence that females reconcile most often with valuable and compatible social partners. The results do not support the relationship-quality hypothesis for males, and we suggest that future studies give more consideration to the possibility that males reconcile for reasons other than to repair relationships with valuable partners. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3966, USA. biomcc@langate.gsu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15772987 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2875 | ||
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