Records |
Author |
Hutchinson, G.W.; Abba, S.A.; Mfitilodze, M.W. |
Title |
Seasonal translation of equine strongyle infective larvae to herbage in tropical Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Veterinary Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Parasitol |
Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
251-263 |
Keywords |
Animals; Feces/*parasitology; Horses; Queensland; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*parasitology; Strongyloidea/growth & development/*physiology; Strongylus/growth & development/*physiology; Tropical Climate |
Abstract |
Longevity in faeces, migration to and survival on herbage of mixed strongyle infective larvae (approximately 70% cyathostomes: 30% large strongyles) from experimentally deposited horse faeces was studied in the dry tropical region of North Queensland for up to 2 years. Larvae were recovered from faeces deposited during hot dry weather for a maximum of 12 weeks, up to 32 weeks in cool conditions, but less than 8 weeks in hot wet summer. Translation to herbage was mainly limited to the hot wet season (December-March), except when unseasonal winter rainfall of 40-50 mm per month in July and August allowed some additional migration. Survival on pasture was estimated at 2-4 weeks in the summer wet season and 8-12 weeks in the autumn-winter dry season (April-August). Hot dry spring weather (pre-wet season) was the most unfavourable for larval development, migration and survival. Peak counts of up to 60,000 larvae kg-1 dry herbage were recorded. The seasonal nature of pasture contamination allowed the development of rational anthelmintic control programs based on larval ecology. |
Address |
Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0304-4017 |
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Notes |
PMID:2815535 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2672 |
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Author |
Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A. |
Title |
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
68-72 |
Keywords |
Aedes/*microbiology; Alphavirus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey |
Abstract |
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common. |
Address |
Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 |
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English |
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ISSN |
8756-971X |
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Notes |
PMID:2853203 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2684 |
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Author |
Mitchell, C.J.; Darsie, R.F.J.; Monath, T.P.; Sabattini, M.S.; Daffner, J. |
Title |
The use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in Argentina |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
43-47 |
Keywords |
Animals; Argentina; *Culicidae/classification; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/transmission/*veterinary; Entomology/*instrumentation; Equipment Design; Horse Diseases/*transmission; Horses; *Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance |
Abstract |
A large net trap was used to sample mosquito populations attracted to horses at three sites each in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces, Argentina, during the austral summer of 1984. These provinces, as well as others in Argentina, were affected by a severe epizootic of western equine encephalitis (WEE) during 1982-83. Totals of 2,752 and 6,929 mosquitoes were collected in Santa Fe and Rio Negro Provinces during five and three trap nights, respectively. Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex were predominant (45.8% of total) in the Santa Fe collections, although Aedes albifasciatus also was prevalent (21.7%). The latter species was predominant (95.7% of total) in the Rio Negro collections. The mosquito fauna was less complex (minimum of 6 species) in Rio Negro Province as compared to Santa Fe Province (minimum of 18 species). The advantages of the net trap indicate that this trap can become a useful tool in arbovirus ecology studies in other areas. |
Address |
Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087 |
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English |
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8756-971X |
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Notes |
PMID:2906656 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2686 |
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Author |
Hardy, J.L. |
Title |
The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945-1985 |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 Suppl |
Pages |
18s-32s |
Keywords |
Aedes/microbiology; Animals; Birds; California; Culex/microbiology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/*physiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*history/microbiology/transmission/veterinary; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/history/transmission; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/microbiology; Mammals |
Abstract |
Reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. Extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the Central Valley of California have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts involved in the basic virus transmission cycle, but the overall concept remains unchanged. The basic transmission cycle involves Culex tarsalis as the primary vector mosquito species and house finches and house sparrows as the primary amplifying hosts. Secondary amplifying hosts, upon which Cx. tarsalis frequently feeds, include other passerine species, chickens, and possibly pheasants in areas where they are abundant. Another transmission cycle that most likely is initiated from the Cx. tarsalis-wild bird cycle involves Aedes melanimon and the blacktail jackrabbit. Like humans and horses, California ground squirrels, western tree squirrels, and a few other wild mammal species become infected tangentially with the virus but do not contribute significantly to virus amplification. |
Address |
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0002-9637 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3318522 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2677 |
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Author |
Sabattini, M.S.; Monath, T.P.; Mitchell, C.J.; Daffner, J.F.; Bowen, G.S.; Pauli, R.; Contigiani, M.S. |
Title |
Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and description of study sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
937-944 |
Keywords |
Animals; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology; Arboviruses; Argentina; Birds; Cattle; Child; Climate; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalitis, St. Louis/epidemiology/microbiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Geography; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans |
Abstract |
This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908, principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission have not been identified. A number of isolations of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were reported between 1936 and 1958 in Argentina, but the validity of these findings has been seriously questioned. Nevertheless, serological evidence exists for human infections with a member of the VEE virus complex. Serological surveys conducted in the 1960s indicate a high prevalence of infection of humans and domestic animals with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and 2 SLE virus strains have been isolated from rodents. Human disease, however, has rarely been associated with SLE infection. Only 7 isolations of other arboviruses have been described (3 of Maguari, 1 of Aura, 2 of Una, and 1 of an untyped Bunyamwera group virus). In 1977, we began longitudinal field studies in Santa Fe Province, the epicenter of previous equine epizootics, and in 1980 we extended these studies to Chaco and Corrientes provinces. The study sites are described in this paper. |
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0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:4037184 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2685 |
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Author |
Scherer, W.F.; Dickerman, R.W.; Ordonez, J.V. |
Title |
Discovery and geographic distribution of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras during 1965-68, and its possible movement to Central America and Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1970 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
703-711 |
Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies/analysis; Belize; Central America; Complement Fixation Tests; Cricetinae; Culicidae; *Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Encephalitis Viruses/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*epidemiology; Guatemala; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Honduras; Horses; Humans; Mexico; Neutralization Tests; Rats; Sampling Studies; Swine; Tropical Climate |
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0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:4393224 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2735 |
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Author |
Scherer, W.F.; Dickerman, R.W. |
Title |
Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in southeastern Mexico. 8. Correlations and conclusions |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
86-89 |
Keywords |
Animals; Birds; Cattle; Chiroptera; Cricetinae; Culex; Culicidae; *Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Encephalitis Viruses/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/*etiology; Horses; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Mammals; Mexico; Mice; Opossums; Rats; Swine |
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0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:4399844 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2721 |
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Author |
Bertram, D.S. |
Title |
Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
65 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
742-762 |
Keywords |
Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/*analysis; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; *Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons |
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ISSN |
0035-9203 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4400502 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2732 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bast, T.F.; Whitney, E.; Benach, J.L. |
Title |
Considerations on the ecology of several arboviruses in eastern Long Island |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
109-115 |
Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies, Viral/analysis; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification; Birds; Brain/microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/veterinary; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insects; Liver/microbiology; Mites; Neutralization Tests; New York; Snakes; Ticks |
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0002-9637 |
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Notes |
PMID:4684881 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2715 |
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Author |
Ogbourne, C.P. |
Title |
Variations in the fecundity of strongylid worms of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parasitology |
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
289-298 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Reproduction; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*etiology; Strongyloides/*growth & development; Time Factors |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-1820 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:5129804 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2727 |
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