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| Author | Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | The domestication of social cognition in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 298 | Issue | 5598 | Pages | 1634-1636 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves | ||||
| Abstract | Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12446914 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number  |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 595 | ||
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| Author | Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 38-47 |
| Keywords | Animals; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Food; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful in using human communicative cues such as the pointing gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the 2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes' adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs' adaptations, during the domestication process, for cooperative communication with humans. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. jbraeuer@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16551163 | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 597 | ||
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| Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
| Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 107-112 |
| Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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| Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
| Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-80 |
| Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
| Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
| Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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| Author | Beaver, B.V. | ||||
| Title | Problems & values associated with dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1129-1131 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4889 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:6914851 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 678 | ||
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| Author | Call, J.; Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 117 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-263 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Attention; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Concept Formation; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; *Inhibition (Psychology); Male; Nonverbal Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Twelve domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were given a series of trials in which they were forbidden to take a piece of visible food. In some trials, the human continued to look at the dog throughout the trial (control condition), whereas in others, the human (a) left the room, (b) turned her back, (c) engaged in a distracting activity, or (d) closed her eyes. Dogs behaved in clearly different ways in most of the conditions in which the human did not watch them compared with the control condition, in which she did. In particular, when the human looked at them, dogs retrieved less food, approached it in a more indirect way, and sat (as opposed to laid down) more often than in the other conditions. Results are discussed in terms of domestic dogs' social-cognitive skills and their unique evolutionary and ontogenetic histories. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. call@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14498801 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 713 | ||
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| Author | Saigo, S. | ||||
| Title | Kinetic and equilibrium studies of alkaline isomerization of vertebrate cytochromes c | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | Abbreviated Journal | Biochim Biophys Acta |
| Volume | 669 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 13-20 |
| Keywords | Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Vertebrates/metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | Equilibria and kinetics of alkaline isomerization of seven ferricytochromes c from vertebrates were studied by pH-titration and pH-jump methods in the pH region of 7-12. In the equilibrium behavior, no significant difference was detected among the cytochromes c, whereas marked differences in the kinetic behavior were observed. According to the kinetic behavior of the isomerization, the cytochromes c examined fall into three classes: Group I (horse, sheep, dog and pigeon cytochromes c), Group II (tuna and bonito cytochromes c) and Group III (rhesus monkey cytochrome c). The kinetic results are interpreted in terms of the sequential scheme: Neutral form in equilibrium with fast Transient form in equilibrium with slow Alkaline form where the neutral and alkaline forms are the species stable at neutral and alkaline pH, respectively, and the transient form is a kinetic intermediate. From comparison of the primary sequences of the seven cytochromes c and the classification of these cytochromes c, it is concluded that the amino acid substitution Phe/Tyr at the 46-th position has a major influence on the kinetic behavior. In Group II and III cytochromes c, the ionization of Tyr-46 is suggested to bring about loosening of the heme crevice and thus facilitate the ligand replacement involved in the isomerization. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6271238 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3871 | ||
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