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Author |
Lea, S.E.G.; Goto, K.; Osthaus, B.; Ryan, C.M.E. |
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Title |
The logic of the stimulus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
247-256 |
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Keywords  |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae; Comprehension/physiology; Dogs; Humans; *Logic; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology; Perception/*physiology; Problem Solving/*physiology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
This paper examines the contribution of stimulus processing to animal logics. In the classic functionalist S-O-R view of learning (and cognition), stimuli provide the raw material to which the organism applies its cognitive processes-its logic, which may be taxon-specific. Stimuli may contribute to the logic of the organism's response, and may do so in taxon-specific ways. Firstly, any non-trivial stimulus has an internal organization that may constrain or bias the way that the organism addresses it; since stimuli can only be defined relative to the organism's perceptual apparatus, and this apparatus is taxon-specific, such constraints or biases will often be taxon-specific. Secondly, the representation of a stimulus that the perceptual system builds, and the analysis it makes of this representation, may provide a model for the synthesis and analysis done at a more cognitive level. Such a model is plausible for evolutionary reasons: perceptual analysis was probably perfected before cognitive analysis in the evolutionary history of the vertebrates. Like stimulus-driven analysis, such perceptually modelled cognition may be taxon-specific because of the taxon-specificity of the perceptual apparatus. However, it may also be the case that different taxa are able to free themselves from the stimulus logic, and therefore apply a more abstract logic, to different extents. This thesis is defended with reference to two examples of cases where animals' cognitive logic seems to be isomorphic with perceptual logic, specifically in the case of pigeons' attention to global and local information in visual stimuli, and dogs' failure to comprehend means-end relationships in string-pulling tasks. |
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Address |
School of Psychology, Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, United Kingdom. s.e.g.lea@exeter.ac.uk |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:16909234 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2450 |
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Author |
Friederici, A.D.; Alter, K. |
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Title |
Lateralization of auditory language functions: a dynamic dual pathway model |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Brain and Language |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Lang |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
267-276 |
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Keywords |
Auditory Pathways/physiology; Brain Mapping; Comprehension/*physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; Frontal Lobe/*physiology; Humans; Nerve Net/physiology; Phonetics; Semantics; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception/*physiology; Temporal Lobe/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Spoken language comprehension requires the coordination of different subprocesses in time. After the initial acoustic analysis the system has to extract segmental information such as phonemes, syntactic elements and lexical-semantic elements as well as suprasegmental information such as accentuation and intonational phrases, i.e., prosody. According to the dynamic dual pathway model of auditory language comprehension syntactic and semantic information are primarily processed in a left hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway including separate circuits for syntactic and semantic information whereas sentence level prosody is processed in a right hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway. The relative lateralization of these functions occurs as a result of stimulus properties and processing demands. The observed interaction between syntactic and prosodic information during auditory sentence comprehension is attributed to dynamic interactions between the two hemispheres. |
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Address |
Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 500 355, 04303 Leipzig, Germany. angelafr@cns.mpg.de |
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0093-934X |
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PMID:15068909 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4722 |
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Author |
Scheider, L.; Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
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Title |
Do domestic dogs interpret pointing as a command? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
361-372 |
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Keywords |
Communication; Domestic dog; Pointing; Comprehension; Imperative |
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Abstract |
Domestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication flexibly, particularly the pointing gesture. Here, we examine whether dogs interpret pointing informatively, that is, as simply providing information, or rather as a command, for example, ordering them to move to a particular location. In the first study a human pointed toward an empty cup. In one manipulation, the dog either knew or did not know that the designated cup was empty (and that the other cup actually contained the food). In another manipulation, the human (as authority) either did or did not remain in the room after pointing. Dogs ignored the human’s gesture if they had better information, irrespective of the authority’s presence. In the second study, we varied the level of authority of the person pointing. Sometimes this person was an adult, and sometimes a young child. Dogs followed children’s pointing just as frequently as they followed adults’ pointing (and ignored the dishonest pointing of both), suggesting that the level of authority did not affect their behavior. Taken together these studies suggest that dogs do not see pointing as an imperative command ordering them to a particular location. It is still not totally clear, however, if they interpret it as informative or in some other way. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5666 |
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