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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Crook, J.H. openurl 
  Title On attributing consciousness to animals Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1983 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 303 Issue 5912 Pages 11-14  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Consciousness; Evolution; Learning  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6843653 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2795  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Matsuzawa, T. openurl 
  Title Use of numbers by a chimpanzee Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 315 Issue 6014 Pages 57-59  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Female; Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*physiology  
  Abstract Recent studies have examined linguistic abilities in apes. However, although human mathematical abilities seem to be derived from the same foundation as those in language, we have little evidence for mathematical abilities in apes (but for exceptions see refs 7-10). In the present study, a 5-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 'Ai', was trained to use Arabic numerals to name the number of items in a display. Ai mastered numerical naming from one to six and was able to name the number, colour and object of 300 types of samples. Although no particular sequence of describing samples was required, the chimpanzee favoured two sequences (colour/object/number and object/colour/number). The present study demonstrates that the chimpanzee was able to describe the three attributes of the sample items and spontaneously organized the 'word order'.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3990808 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2793  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author McGonigle, B. openurl 
  Title Can apes learn to count? Type
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 315 Issue 6014 Pages 16-17  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Pan troglodytes/*physiology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3990806 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2794  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gallup, G.G.J. openurl 
  Title Do minds exist in species other than our own? Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 631-641  
  Keywords Animals; Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; Child Psychology; Child, Preschool; *Cognition; Consciousness; Evolution; Humans; Infant; Language; Pan troglodytes; Philosophy; Psychological Theory; Species Specificity  
  Abstract An answer to the question of animal awareness depends on evidence, not intuition, anecdote, or debate. This paper examines some of the problems inherent in an analysis of animal awareness, and whether animals might be aware of being aware is offered as a more meaningful distinction. A framework is presented which can be used to make a determination about the extent to which other species have experiences similar to ours based on their ability to make inferences and attributions about mental states in others. The evidence from both humans and animals is consistent with the idea that the capacity to use experience to infer the experience of others is a byproduct of self-awareness.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4080281 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2808  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Epstein, R. openurl 
  Title Animal cognition as the praxist views it Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1985 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 623-630  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; Behaviorism; *Cognition; Columbidae; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Models, Psychological; Problem Solving; Psychological Theory; Psychology/history/trends  
  Abstract The distinction between psychology and praxics provides a clear answer to the question of animal cognition. As Griffin and others have noted, the kinds of behavioral phenomena that lead psychologists to speak of cognition in humans are also observed in nonhuman animals, and therefore those who are convinced of the legitimacy of psychology should not hesitate to speak of and to attempt to study animal cognition. The behavior of organisms is also a legitimate subject matter, and praxics, the study of behavior, has led to significant advances in our understanding of the kinds of behaviors that lead psychologists to speak of cognition. Praxics is a biological science; the attempt by students of behavior to appropriate psychology has been misguided. Generativity theory is an example of a formal theory of behavior that has proved useful both in the engineering of intelligent performances in nonhuman animals and in the prediction of intelligent performances in humans.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3909017 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2809  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R. openurl 
  Title Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1986 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 69-77  
  Keywords Animals; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Form Perception; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Orientation; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Retention (Psychology)  
  Abstract In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3701260 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 263  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. doi  openurl
  Title Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1986 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 234 Issue 4782 Pages 1361-1366  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception  
  Abstract Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3538419 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 349  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cynx, J.; Hulse, S.H.; Polyzois, S. openurl 
  Title A psychophysical measure of pitch discrimination loss resulting from a frequency range constraint in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1986 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 394-402  
  Keywords Animals; *Birds; Cognition; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Male; *Pitch Discrimination; Psychoacoustics; Transfer (Psychology)  
  Abstract Earlier research (Hulse & Cynx, 1985) revealed that a number of species of songbirds acquired a pitch discrimination between rising and falling sequences in an arbitrarily defined training range of frequencies, but then failed to generalize the discrimination to new frequency ranges--a frequency range constraint. The two experiments here provide a psychophysical estimate of how pitch discrimination deteriorated in one species as sequences were stepped out from the training range. The gradient showing loss of discrimination was much sharper than would have been anticipated by stimulus generalization or the training procedures, and appeared unaffected by the removal of rising and falling frequency information. The frequency range constraint and its psychophysical properties have implications both for the analysis of birdsong and the study of animal cognition.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3772303 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2786  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Rumbaugh, D.M.; Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Hegel, M.T. openurl 
  Title Summation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1987 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 107-115  
  Keywords Animals; Choice Behavior; *Cognition; Male; *Mathematics; *Pan troglodytes; Visual Perception  
  Abstract In this research, we asked whether 2 chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) subjects could reliably sum across pairs of quantities to select the greater total. Subjects were allowed to choose between two trays of chocolates. Each tray contained two food wells. To select the tray containing the greater number of chocolates, it was necessary to sum the contents of the food wells on each tray. In experiments where food wells contained from zero to four chocolates, the chimpanzees chose the greater value of the summed wells on more than 90% of the trials. In the final experiment, the maximum number of chocolates assigned to a food well was increased to five. Choice of the tray containing the greater sum still remained above 90%. In all experiments, subjects reliably chose the greater sum, even though on many trials a food well on the “incorrect” tray held more chocolates than either single well on the “correct” tray. It was concluded that without any known ability to count, these chimpanzees used some process of summation to combine spatially separated quantities. Speculation regarding the basis for summation includes consideration of perceptual fusion of pairs of quantities and subitization.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3572305 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2785  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Terrace, H.S. doi  openurl
  Title Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1987 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 325 Issue 7000 Pages 149-151  
  Keywords Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male  
  Abstract A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3808071 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2792  
Permanent link to this record
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