| Home | << 1 2 3 4 >> |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Valone; Thomas J.; Templeton, Jennifer J. | ||||
| Title | Public information for the assessment of quality: a widespread social phenomenon | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal |
Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 357 | Issue | 1427 | Pages | 1549-1557 |
| Keywords | Breeding Patch Assessment Eavesdropping Fighting Mate Choice Copying Sociality Vicarious Sampling | ||||
| Abstract | We propose that the use of public information about the quality of environmental resources, obtained by monitoring the sampling behaviour of others, may be a widespread social phenomenon allowing individuals to make faster, more accurate assessments of their environment. To demonstrate this (i) we define public information and distinguish it from other kinds of social information; (ii) we review empirical work demonstrating the benefits and costs of using public information to estimate food patch quality; (iii) we examine recent work showing that individuals may also be using public information to improve their estimates of the quality of such disparate environmental parameters as breeding patches, opponents and mates; and finally (iv) we suggest avenues of future work to better understand the nature of public information use and when it might be used or ignored. Such work should lead to a more complete understanding of the behaviour of individuals in social aggregations. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4273 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Realized heritability of personalities in the great tit (Parus major) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society | Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume | 270 | Issue | 1510 | Pages | 45-51 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Heredity; Male; Selection (Genetics); Songbirds/*genetics/*physiology; Variation (Genetics) | ||||
| Abstract | Behaviour under conditions of mild stress shows consistent patterns in all vertebrates: exploratory behaviour, boldness, aggressiveness covary in the same way. The existence of highly consistent individual variation in these behavioural strategies, also referred to as personalities or coping styles, allows us to measure the behaviour under standardized conditions on birds bred in captivity, link the standardized measurements to the behaviour under natural conditions and measure natural selection in the field. We have bred the great tit (Parus major), a classical model species for the study of behaviour under natural conditions, in captivity. Here, we report a realized heritability of 54 +/- 5% for early exploratory behaviour, based on four generations of bi-directional artificial selection. In addition to this, we measured hand-reared juveniles and their wild-caught parents in the laboratory. The heritability found in the mid-offspring-mid-parent regression was significantly different from zero. We have thus established the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for personality types in a wild bird. | ||||
| Address | Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands. drent@cto.nioo.knaw.nl | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0962-8452 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12590770 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 591 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Nocera, J.J.; Forbes, G.J.; Giraldeau, L.-A. | ||||
| Title | Inadvertent social information in breeding site selection of natal dispersing birds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society | Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume | 273 | Issue | 1584 | Pages | 349-355 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Breeding; *Environment; Female; Logistic Models; Male; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Several species use the number of young produced as public information (PI) to assess breeding site quality. PI is inaccessible for synchronously breeding birds because nests are empty by the time the young can collect this information. We investigate if location cues are the next best source of inadvertent social information (ISI) used by young prospectors during breeding site choice. We experimentally deployed ISI as decoys and song playbacks of breeding males in suitable and sub-optimal habitats during pre- and post-breeding periods, and monitored territory establishment during the subsequent breeding season for a social, bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), and a more solitary species, Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni). The sparrows did not respond to treatments, but bobolinks responded strongly to post-breeding location cues, irrespective of habitat quality. The following year, 17/20 sub-optimal plots to which bobolink males were recruited were defended for at least two weeks, indicating that song heard the previous year could exert a “carry-over attraction” effect on conspecifics the following year. Sixteen recruited males were natal dispersers, as expected when animals have little opportunity to directly sample their natal habitat quality. We suggest that differences in breeding synchronicity may induce an equivalent clinal distribution of ISI use. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Bag Service #45111, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. j.nocera@unb.ca | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0962-8452 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16543178 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2129 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Thrower, W.R. | ||||
| Title | Aggression in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine | Abbreviated Journal |
Proc R Soc Med |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 163-167 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Evolution; *Horses; Humans; Species Specificity; Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0035-9157 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5462347 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1966 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ionita, J.C.; Poncet, P.A.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A. | ||||
| Title | [Evaluation of the quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses in their breeding farms] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
| Volume | 148 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 191-197 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/methods/*standards/statistics & numerical data; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Breeding/*methods/standards; Female; Floors and Floorcoverings; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Poaceae; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Switzerland | ||||
| Abstract | The quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM: 46.1% were breeding mares (61.0% with foal at foot), 26.5% young stock, 1.3% stallions and 26.0% non breeding stock (74.6% of which were pleasure horses and 25.4% working horses). 57.6% of the FM were housed in individual boxes with or without permanent outdoor access, 25.4% were hold in groups with or without permanent outdoor access, the remaining 17.0% were kept in standing stalls. 95.0% of the FM had at least visual contact with other equines and 99.2% had sufficient light in their stable. 88.1% were stabled on long stalk straw, while only 4.3% were bedded on other materials other than straw. The average time spent at pasture per horse and per week ranged from 96.5 +/- 51.6 hours in summer to 27.2 +/- 26.7 hours in winter. On average, a FM is used for 8.3 +/- 6.5 hours per week. Horses with an paddock at their disposal spend an average of 39.8 +/- 45.9 hours there per week. | ||||
| Address | Chirurgische Tierklinik, Universitat Leipzig | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | French | Summary Language | Original Title | Les conditions de detention des chevaux de race franches-montagnes dans leurs exploitations d'elevage | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-7281 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16703760 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1872 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Poncet, P.A.; Ionita, J.C.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A. | ||||
| Title | [The influence of the socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses on the conditions of husbandry] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
| Volume | 148 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 183-189 |
| Keywords | Altitude; Animal Husbandry/methods/*standards; Animals; Breeding/*economics/standards; Demography; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods/*physiology; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Switzerland | ||||
| Abstract | The socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM. The quality of the husbandry of FM varies according to factors such as the altitude and the geographical situation of the farms and studs. Socio-economic parameters, such as the role of FM in the business, their use (breeding, driving, riding) and the age and level of professional education of the owners may also have an effect on standards of husbandry. The results show that the owners for whom FM represent a source of income more frequently keep their horses in standing stalls, but give them more time to exercise at liberty than the horses belonging to amateur breeders. Younger and better educated breeders are more likely to house their animals in groups. | ||||
| Address | Haras national suisse, Avenches | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | French | Summary Language | Original Title | L'influence de la structure socio-economique des exploitations d'elevage de chevaux de race franches-montagnes sur les conditions de detention | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-7281 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16703759 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1873 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Isenbugel, E. | ||||
| Title | [From wild horse to riding horse] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
| Volume | 144 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 323-329 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/*history; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Breeding/history; Evolution; Female; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Paintings; Predatory Behavior; Sculpture; Sports/history | ||||
| Abstract | Over 45 million years of evolution the horse developed to a highly specialized animal in anatomy, physiology and behavior. No other animal had influenced the economic and cultural history of men to such extent. Hunting prey since the ice age, domesticated 4000 B.C. and used for thousands of years as unique animal all over the world has attained a new role today as partner in sport, as companion animal and even as cotherapeutic. The well known behavioral demands in use and keeping are still often not fulfilled. | ||||
| Address | Zoologischer Garten Zurich | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Vom Wildpferd zum Reitpferd | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-7281 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12174680 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1913 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. | ||||
| Title | Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume | 293 | Issue | 5539 | Pages | 2446-2449 |
| Keywords | Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain | ||||
| Abstract | Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11577235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 414 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Creel, S. | ||||
| Title | Social dominance and stress hormones | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 491-497 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank; stress; glucocorticoids; cooperative breeding; sociality; behavioural endocrinology; mammals | ||||
| Abstract | In most cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, reproductive rates are lower for social subordinates than for dominants, and it is common for reproduction in subordinates to be completely suppressed. Early research conducted in captivity showed that losing fights can increase glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, a general response to stress. Because GCs can suppress reproduction, it has been widely argued that chronic stress might underlie reproductive suppression of social subordinates in cooperative breeders. Contradicting this hypothesis, recent studies of cooperative breeders in the wild show that dominant individuals have elevated GCs more often than do subordinates. The findings that elevated GCs can be a consequence of subordination or a cost of dominance complicate the conventional view of social stress, with broad ramifications for the evolution of dominance and reproductive suppression. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4072 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||