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Author |
Hashimoto, C.; Takenaka, O.; Furuichi, T. |
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Title |
Matrilineal kin relationship and social behavior of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus): Sequencing the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication  |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
305-318-318 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Abstract |
Matrilineal kin-relations among wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) were studied by DNA analysis. Subject individuals were the members of E1 group, living at Wamba, Zaire, which has been studied since 1974. DNA samples were extracted from wadges that bonobos spat out when feeding on sugar cane. The D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was amplified by the PCR method, and a nucleotide sequence of 350 base pairs was determined for 17 individuals. Nucleotide variations were found at 44 positions of the sequence. Based on these variations, 13 matrilineal units were divided into seven groups, and the mother of an orphan male was determined among several females. These genetic analyses, together with behavioral observation to date, revealed the following facts. High sequence variation in the target region indicated that females transfer between groups of bonobos, which is in agreement with supposition from long-term field studies. For females, there was no relationship between genetic closeness and social closeness that is represented by frequencies of proximity or grooming. After immigration into a new group, females form social associations with senior females without regard to kin relationship. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5199 |
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Author |
Imanishi, K. |
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Title |
Identification : A process of enculturation in the subhuman society of Macaca fuscata |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1957 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-29-29 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5266 |
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Author |
Koyama, N. |
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Title |
Playmate relationships among individuals of the Japanese monkey troop in arashiyama |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-406-406 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Abstract |
Observations of play behavior were made on a troop of Japanese monkeys for five months. The troop consisted of 125 animals during the study period. Only 104 animals were observed playing with the troop members while the other 21 animals were never observed playing with other individuals. Two-member play was the most frequent. On the average, a monkey played with 20.7 individuals. A total of 6,068 play bouts were observed. The frequency of play appeared to be affected by age, sex, and degree of relatedness. One-year-old infant males played most with other members and the frequency of play decreased with age. Between monkeys whose disparity of age was less than two years, 5,763 bouts (95.0% of the total) were observed. Moreover, among sameaged monkeys who comprised 10.6% of the possible pair combinations, 2,739 play bouts (45.1%) were observed. Juvenile males played with same-sexed peers more than with opposite-sexed peers, whereas older juvenile females appeared to play with infants of both sexes. Individuals who were related and similarly-ranked tended to play together. There was no apparent preference for animals to play with the offspring of the highest-ranking female. Dominance rank of infnats and juveniles was primarily affected by rank of their mothers and to a lesser extent by play partners. Dominance rank of older juvenile males is more likely to be affected by play partners than females. It may be a critical time for males when they leave their natal troop and join a new troop. The timing of troop shifting by males seemed to be affected by the presence or absence of play-mates. For male Japanese monkeys, play is very important in developing social bonds. Play may act to perpetuate social bonds, enhance the chance of survival, and may contribute to their future reproductive success. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5327 |
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Author |
McGrew, W.; Marchant, L. |
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Title |
Laterality of hand use pays off in foraging success for wild chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
509-513 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
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Abstract |
The aim of this study was to see if behavioral lateralization in hand use benefits a lateralized organism in nature. We recorded wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe, Tanzania, fishing for termites (Macrotermes spp.), an extractive foraging task using elementary technology. We compared individual apes who were completely lateralized, using only one hand or the other for the task, versus those who were incompletely lateralized, using either hand. Exclusively lateralized individuals were more efficient, that is, gathered more prey per unit effort, but were no different in success or error rate from incompletely lateralized apes. This is the first demonstration of a payoff to laterality of behavioral function in primates in conditions of ecological validity. |
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Springer Japan |
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0032-8332 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5368 |
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