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Author Valderrabano-Ibarra, C.; Brumon, I.; Drummond, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Development of a linear dominance hierarchy in nestling birds Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 74 Issue 6 Pages 1705-1714  
  Keywords agonistic behaviour; blue-footed booby; dominance; hatch asynchrony; hierarchy; Sula nebouxii; trained winning  
  Abstract Theoreticians propose that trained winning and losing are important processes in creating linear animal dominance hierarchies, and experiments have shown that both processes can occur in animals, but their actual roles in creating natural hierarchies are unknown. We described agonism in 18 broods of three blue-footed boobies, Sula nebouxii, a species for which trained winning and losing have been demonstrated, to infer how these processes generate and maintain a natural hierarchy. Ranks in the linear hierarchy that emerged in every brood were initially assigned by asymmetries in age, size and maturity, which led to differences between broodmates in levels of expressed and received aggression and, consequently, to differences in the training of their aggressiveness and submissiveness. Later, ranks appeared to be maintained by the chicks' acquired aggressive and submissive tendencies combined with ongoing effects of persisting differences in size and maturity. Our results suggest that trained winning and trained losing are important in the construction of booby hierarchies but that these two axes of learning are largely independent. Increase in submissiveness occurs over a period of about 10-20 days, and the level of submissiveness reached varies with the amount of aggression received. After training, submissiveness is apparently maintained by a lower level of aggression and increasing use of threats. Threats become increasingly effective as chicks age, but are never as effective as attacks.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4318  
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Author Wey, T.; Blumstein, D.T.; Shen, W.; Jordán, F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social network analysis of animal behaviour: a promising tool for the study of sociality Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 333-344  
  Keywords animal behaviour; quantifying sociality; social network analysis; social structure  
  Abstract Social animals live and interact together, forming complex relationships and social structure. These relationships can have important fitness consequences, but most studies do not explicitly measure those relationships. An approach that explicitly measures relationships will further our understanding of social complexity and the consequences of both direct and indirect interactions. Social network analysis is the study of social groups as networks of nodes connected by social ties. This approach examines individuals and groups in the context of relationships between group members. Application of social network analysis to animal behaviour can advance the field by identifying and quantifying specific attributes of social relationships, many of which are not captured by more common measures of sociality, such as group size. Sophisticated methods for network construction and analysis exist in other fields, but until recently, have seen relatively little application to animal systems. We present a brief history of social network analysis, a description of basic concepts and previous applications to animal behaviour. We then highlight relevance and constraints of some network measures, including results from an original study of the effect of sampling on network parameter estimates, and we end with promising directions for research. By doing so, we provide a prospective overview of social network analysis' general utility for the study of animal social behaviour.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4691  
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Author Hewitt, S.E.; Macdonald, D.W.; Dugdale, H.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Context-dependent linear dominance hierarchies in social groups of European badgers, Meles meles Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 77 Issue 1 Pages 161-169  
  Keywords David's score; directed aggression; dominance rank; European badger; grooming behaviour; linear dominance hierarchy; Meles meles; reproductive success; relatedness; social status  
  Abstract A social hierarchy is generally assumed to exist in those mammalian societies in which the costs and benefits of group living are distributed unevenly among group members. We analysed infrared closed-circuit television footage, collected over 3 years in Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire, to test whether social groups of European badgers have dominance hierarchies. Analysis of directed aggression between dyads revealed linear dominance hierarchies in three social-group-years, but patterns within social groups were not consistent across years. Dominance hierarchies were significantly steeper than random in five out of six social-group-years. In those social-group-years where a linear hierarchy was determined, there was an effect of sex on dominance rank, with females gaining significantly higher rank than males in two social-group-years. Overall, rank was not related to age, nor did it appear to affect the likelihood of an individual being wounded, or an individual's breeding status. The latter resulted from nonorthogonality between sex and breeding status, as there were only two breeding males. Overall, hierarchies were primarily dominated by breeding females, and may occur when breeding competition arises. Relatedness, unreciprocated allogrooming and sequential allomarking were not consistently related to levels of directed aggression across social-group-years. We suggest that dominance structures within European badger groups may be context dependent, with future study required to complete our understanding of where, and when, they arise.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4695  
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Author Smith, L.A.; Wells, K.L.; Marion, G.; Swain, D.L.; Hutchings, M.R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effects of group composition on the grazing behaviour of herbivores Type Journal Article
  Year Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume In Press, Corrected Proof Issue Pages  
  Keywords grazing; group composition; herbivore; individual behaviour; physiological state  
  Abstract Animal behaviour is often a function of the animal's physiological state. Groups of animals will often contain individuals with a range of physiological states and the grazing behaviour of herbivores is affected by their physiological state. This study compared the grazing decisions of animals in groups of single and mixed physiological states. Using a grazing model that simulated individual herbivore behaviour in relation to environmental distributions of forage resource (grass) and parasites (faeces), we tested the hypothesis that an animal's level of parasite exposure via the faecal-oral route is affected by the composition of physiological states in the group. Four physiological states were considered: parasite-naïve, parasitized, lactating and parasite-immune animals. Baseline parasite exposure levels for each state were generated by simulating single-state groups and were compared to simulations of each of the six two-state combinations. In single-state groups parasitized animals had the least and lactating animals had the greatest levels of parasite exposure. When co-grazing with lactating animals, parasitized, immune and naïve animals increased their parasite exposure, relative to single-state groups. When co-grazing with parasitized animals, lactating, immune and naïve animals reduced their parasite exposure, relative to single-state groups. There was no difference in parasite exposure of the immune or naïve animals co-grazing together when compared to the single-state groups. These results highlight the need to recognize the impact of the individual when studying group-living animals.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5155  
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Author Mitani, J.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Male chimpanzees form enduring and equitable social bonds Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 77 Issue 3 Pages 633-640  
  Keywords chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes; social behaviour; social relationship  
  Abstract Controversy exists regarding the nature of primate social relationships. While individual primates are frequently hypothesized to form enduring social bonds with conspecifics, recent studies suggest that relationships are labile, with animals interacting only over short periods to satisfy their immediate needs. Here I use data collected over 10 years on a community of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, to investigate whether male chimpanzees establish long-term social relationships and to determine the factors that affect variation in relationship quality and the stability of social bonds. Kinship and dominance rank influenced the quality of relationships. Maternal brothers and males of the same dominance rank class groomed each other more equitably than did unrelated males and males that were dissimilar in rank. In addition, males that formed strong social bonds groomed more equitably than did males that displayed weaker bonds. Social bonds were stable over time, with relationships in one year predicting those in subsequent years. Kinship and the quality of social relationships affected bond stability. Maternal half siblings and males that groomed each other equitably maintained longer-lasting bonds than did nonkin and males that groomed each other unevenly. Virtually all of the males established at least one enduring relationship with another individual. The most enduring bonds formed between a few pairs of maternal brothers and dyads that maintained balanced grooming interactions. These results indicate that male chimpanzees maintain long-lasting and equitable social bonds whose formation is affected by maternal kinship and the quality of social relationships.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5164  
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Author Kurvers, R.H.J.M.; Eijkelenkamp, B.; van Oers, K.; van Lith, B.; van Wieren, S.E.; Ydenberg, R.C.; Prins, H.H.T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Personality differences explain leadership in barnacle geese Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 447-453  
  Keywords barnacle goose; boldness; Branta leucopsis; group behaviour; leadership; personality  
  Abstract Personality in animal behaviour describes the observation that behavioural differences between individuals are consistent over time and context. Studies of group-living animals show that movement order among individuals is also consistent over time and context, suggesting that some individuals lead and others follow. However, the relationship between leadership and personality traits is poorly studied. We measured several personality traits and leadership of individual barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis. We measured body size and scored the dominance of individuals living in a stable group situation before subjecting them to an open-field test, an activity test, a novel-object test, and a leadership test in which the order of the movement of individuals in pairs towards a feeding patch was scored. We found high repeatability for activity and novel-object scores over time. Leadership was strongly correlated with novel-object score but not with dominance rank, activity or exploration in an open field. These results provide evidence that leadership is closely related to some aspects of personality. Interestingly, an individual's arrival at the food patch was affected not only by the novel-object score of the focal individual, but also by the novel-object score of the companion individual, indicating that movement patterns of individuals living in groups are affected by the personality traits of other group members and suggesting that movement patterns of a group may be shaped by the mix of personality types present in the group.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5172  
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Author Lusseau, D.; Whitehead, H.; Gero, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Incorporating uncertainty into the study of animal social networks Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 1809-1815  
  Keywords bootstrap; social behaviour; social network; social structure  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5173  
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Author Faria, J.J.; Dyer, J.R.G.; Tosh, C.R.; Krause, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Leadership and social information use in human crowds Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 895-901  
  Keywords collective animal behaviour; group; human; inadvertent social cue; information; leadership  
  Abstract One of the big challenges for group-living animals is to find out who in a group has pertinent information (regarding food or predators) at any moment in time, because informed individuals may not be obviously recognizable to other group members. We found that individuals in human groups were capable of identifying those with information, and this identification increased group performance: the speed and accuracy of groups in reaching a target. Using video analysis we found how informed individuals might have been identified by other group members by means of inadvertent social cues (such as starting order, time spent following and group position). Furthermore, we were able to show that at least one of these cues, the group position of informed individuals, was indeed correlated with group performance. Our final experiment confirmed that leadership was even more efficient when the group members were given the identity of the leader. We discuss the effect of information status regarding the presence and identity of leaders on collective animal behaviour.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5192  
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Author Bergvall, U.A.; Schäpers, A.; Kjellander, P.; Weiss, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Personality and foraging decisions in fallow deer, Dama dama Type Journal Article
  Year Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume In Press, Corrected Proof Issue Pages  
  Keywords antipredator behaviour; boldness; Dama dama; dominance; fallow deer; foraging; novelty; personality  
  Abstract Recent studies have examined the ecological and evolutionary bases for variation in animal personality. However, only a few such studies have examined how foraging parameters are influenced by different personality domains. In wild ungulates, the trade-off between the time spent on food intake and antipredator behaviour differs between individuals, but the underlying reason for this is not yet well understood. One possibility is that this trade-off reflects personality dimensions such as boldness. To relate foraging decisions to personality we measured personality and performed feeding experiments with familiar and novel food in familiar and novel situations. We measured personality traits in 15 tame fallow deer, using novel object tests (NO), behavioural observations (BO) and personality ratings (PR). Boldness dimensions were found using PR and NO, dominance dimensions were found using BO and PR, and a flexibility dimension was found using BO. Multitrait-multimethod analysis showed that similar dimensions were significantly correlated across different methods and that different dimensions were not significantly correlated, even if measured using the same method. We also found that novel food eaten in familiar situations and familiar food eaten in novel situations were strongly related to boldness but not dominance, flexibility or age. Thus the trade-off between the benefits of gaining more food and the costs of reduced vigilance or increased toxin ingestion reflect boldness. These findings highlight the nature of personality dimensions in ungulates and how boldness impacts foraging behaviour.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5278  
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Author Riebli, T.; Avgan, B.; Bottini, A.-M.; Duc, C.; Taborsky, M.; Heg, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Behavioural type affects dominance and growth in staged encounters of cooperatively breeding cichlids Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 81 Issue 1 Pages 313-323  
  Keywords behavioural syndrome; body condition; Neolamprologus pulcher; personality; reserves; strategic growth; submission  
  Abstract In animals, behavioural properties such as aggressive propensity are often consistent over a life span, and they may form part of a behavioural syndrome. We studied how aggressive propensity influences dominance, contest behaviour and growth in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher. We tested whether intrinsic aggressive propensity (1) influences dominance in paired contests, (2) causes different aggression levels in contests with partners matched for aggressive propensity compared to unmatched partners, and how it (3) affects growth rate in groups that were either matched or unmatched for aggressive propensity. Intrinsic aggressive propensity was first scored with a mirror test and classified as high, medium or low. Thereafter we tested fish with either high or low aggressive propensity with partners matched for size and either matched or unmatched for aggressive type in a paired contest for a shelter. We scored dominance, aggression and submission. As predicted, (1) dominance was more clearly established in unmatched than in matched contests and (2) individuals with high aggressive propensity launched more attacks overall than fish with low intrinsic aggressiveness, suggesting a higher propensity to escalate independently of winning or losing the paired contest. However, contrary to expectation, (3) individuals with low aggressiveness grew faster than aggressive ones in unmatched groups, whereas the opposite occurred in matched groups. This suggests that individuals with low aggressive propensity may benefit from conflict evasion, which might allow them to gain dominance in the future owing to larger body size.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5319  
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