Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	11-20 of 705 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20]

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Heyes, C.M.; Dawson, G.R.
	Title	A demonstration of observational learning in rats using a bidirectional control			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Q J Exp Psychol B
	Volume	42	Issue	1	Pages	59-71
	Keywords	appetite; attention; imitation; problem solving; psychomotor performance; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Imitative Behavior; Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance
	Abstract	Hungry rats observed a conspecific demonstrator pushing a single manipulandum, a joystick, to the right or to the left for food reward and were then allowed access to the joystick from a different orientation. The effects of right-pushing vs left-pushing observation experience on (1) response acquisition, (2) reversal of a left-right discrimination, and (3) responding in extinction, were examined. Rats that had observed left-pushing made more left responses during acquisition than rats that had observed right-pushing, and rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the direction that had previously been reinforced took longer to reach criterion reversal and made more responses in extinction than rats that had observed demonstrators pushing in the opposite direction to that previously reinforced. These results provide evidence that rats are capable of learning a response, or a response-reinforcer contingency, through conspecific observation.
	Address	University of Cambridge, U.K.
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	02724995 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Cited By (since 1996): 49; Export Date: 17 May 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Heyes, C.M.			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1766
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Call, J.
	Title	A fish-eye lens for comparative studies: broadening the scope of animal cognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	5	Issue	1	Pages	15-16
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Fishes/physiology; Species Specificity
	Abstract	? is the article no longer available?
	Address	call@eva.mpg.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11957396			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2616
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Shapiro, A.D.; Janik, V.M.; Slater, P.J.B.
	Title	*A gray seal's (Halichoerus grypus) responses to experimenter-given pointing and directional cues*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	117	Issue	4	Pages	355-362
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Cues; Eye Movements/physiology; Female; Seals, Earless
	Abstract	A gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. The authors then tested whether the seal would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. It responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. The seal also responded correctly to brief ipsilateral and contralateral points from center and lateral positions. Pointing gestures did not cause the seal to select an object placed centrally behind it. Like many animals in similar studies, this gray seal probably did not understand the referential character of these gestures but rather used signal generalization and experience from initial operant conditioning to solve these tasks.
	Address	School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C. : 1983	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14717636			Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4977
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	A model of social grooming among adult female monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1977	Publication	Journal of Theoretical Biology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Theor. Biol.
	Volume	65	Issue	4	Pages	671-698
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; Haplorhini/physiology; *Models, Biological; Reproduction; Social Dominance; Time Factors
	Abstract	Grooming networks among adult female monkeys exhibit two similar features across a number of different species. High-ranking animals receive more grooming than others, and the majority of grooming occurs between females of adjacent rank. A theoretical model which duplicates these features is presented, and the properties of the model are used to explain the possible causation and function of female grooming behaviour. The model illustrates how relatively simple principles governing the behaviour of individuals may be used to explain more complex aspects of the social structure of non-human primate groups.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-5193	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:406485			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5259
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Weir, A.A.S.; Kacelnik, A.
	Title	A New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides) creatively re-designs tools by bending or unbending aluminium strips			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	317-334
	Keywords	Animals; Comprehension; Crows; Female; Learning; Motor Skills; Problem Solving; *Tool Use Behavior
	Abstract	Previous observations of a New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides) spontaneously bending wire and using it as a hook [Weir et al. (2002) Science 297:981] have prompted questions about the extent to which these animals 'understand' the physical causality involved in how hooks work and how to make them. To approach this issue we examine how the same subject (“Betty”) performed in three experiments with novel material, which needed to be either bent or unbent in order to function to retrieve food. These tasks exclude the possibility of success by repetition of patterns of movement similar to those employed before. Betty quickly developed novel techniques to bend the material, and appropriately modified it on four of five trials when unbending was required. She did not mechanically apply a previously learned set of movements to the new situations, and instead sought new solutions to each problem. However, the details of her behaviour preclude concluding definitely that she understood and planned her actions: in some cases she probed with the unmodified tools before modifying them, or attempted to use the unmodified (unsuitable) end of the tool after modification. Gauging New Caledonian crows' level of understanding is not yet possible, but the observed behaviour is consistent with a partial understanding of physical tasks at a level that exceeds that previously attained by any other non-human subject, including apes.
	Address	Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. alex.weir@magdalen.oxon.org
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17024509			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2436
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Heschl, A.; Burkart, J.
	Title	A new mark test for mirror self-recognition in non-human primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Primates	Abbreviated Journal	Primates
	Volume	47	Issue	3	Pages	187-198
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Callithrix/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Female; Male; Photic Stimulation; Self Concept
	Abstract	For 30 years Gallup's (Science 167:86-87, 1970) mark test, which consists of confronting a mirror-experienced test animal with its own previously altered mirror image, usually a color mark on forehead, eyebrow or ear, has delivered valuable results about the distribution of visual self-recognition in non-human primates. Chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans and, less frequently, gorillas can learn to correctly understand the reflection of their body in a mirror. However, the standard version of the mark test is good only for positively proving the existence of self-recognition. Conclusive statements about the lack of self-recognition are more difficult because of the methodological constraints of the test. This situation has led to a persistent controversy about the power of Gallup's original technique. We devised a new variant of the test which permits more unequivocal decisions about both the presence and absence of self-recognition. This new procedure was tested with marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), following extensive training with mirror-related tasks to facilitate performance in the standard mark test. The results show that a slightly altered mark test with a new marking substance (chocolate cream) can help to reliably discriminate between true negative results, indicating a real lack of ability to recognize oneself in a mirror, from false negative results that are due to methodological particularities of the standard test. Finally, an evolutionary hypothesis is put forward as to why many primates can use a mirror instrumentally – i.e. know how to use it for grasping at hidden objects – while failing in the decisive mark test.
	Address	Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Adolf Lorenz Gasse 2, 3422, Altenberg, Austria. adolf.heschl@uni-graz.at
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0032-8332	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16432640			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2810
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hirata, S.
	Title	A note on the responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to live self-images on television monitors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	75	Issue	1	Pages	85-90
	Keywords	Animals; Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/psychology; *Self Concept; Self Psychology; Social Behavior; Television
	Abstract	The majority of studies on self-recognition in animals have been conducted using a mirror as the test device; little is known, however, about the responses of non-human primates toward their own images in media other than mirrors. This study provides preliminary data on the reactions of 10 chimpanzees to live self-images projected on two television monitors, each connected to a different video camera. Chimpanzees could see live images of their own faces, which were approximately life-sized, on one monitor. On the other monitor, they could see live images of their whole body, which were approximately one-fifth life-size, viewed diagonally from behind. In addition, several objects were introduced into the test situation. Out of 10 chimpanzees tested, 2 individuals performed self-exploratory behaviors while watching their own images on the monitors. One of these two chimpanzees successively picked up two of the provided objects in front of a monitor, and watched the images of these objects on the monitor. The results indicate that these chimpanzees were able to immediately recognize live images of themselves or objects on the monitors, even though several features of these images differed from those of their previous experience with mirrors.
	Address	Great Ape Research Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Okayama, Japan. hirata@gari.be.to
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17324534			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4145
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Silk, J.; Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.
	Title	A practical guide to the study of social relationships			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews	Abbreviated Journal	Evol. Anthropol.
	Volume	22	Issue	5	Pages	213-225
	Keywords	observational methods; behavioral analysis; methods; dyadic relationships; social bonds
	Abstract	Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation in individual reproductive success. Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of individuals, such as their sex and rank. However, many animals live in stable social groups and the fitness of individuals depends at least in part on the outcome of their interactions with other group members. For example, in many primate species, high dominance rank enhances access to resources and reproductive success. The ability to acquire and maintain high rank often depends on the availability and effectiveness of coalitionary support. Allies may be cultivated and coalitions may be reinforced by affiliative interactions such as grooming, food sharing, and tolerance. These findings suggest that if we want to understand the selective pressures that shape the social behavior of primates, it will be profitable to broaden our focus from the characteristics of individuals to the properties of the relationships that they form with others. The goal of this paper is to discuss a set of methods that can be used to quantify the properties of social relationships.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-6505	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5748
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Lilienfeld, S.O.; Gershon, J.; Duke, M.; Marino, L.; de Waal, F.B.
	Title	A preliminary investigation of the construct of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	113	Issue	4	Pages	365-375
	Keywords	Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis/psychology; Ethology/methods; Female; Male; Observer Variation; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Characteristics; *Social Behavior
	Abstract	Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond a measure of dominance. Although further validation of the CPM is needed, these findings suggest that the psychopathy construct may be relevant to chimpanzees.
	Address	Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. scott@ss.emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10608560			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	193
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Smith, D.G.; Pearson, R.A.
	Title	A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Tropical Animal Health and Production	Abbreviated Journal	Trop Anim Health Prod
	Volume	37 Suppl 1	Issue		Pages	1-19
	Keywords	Africa South of the Sahara; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Equidae/growth & development/*physiology; Socioeconomic Factors
	Abstract	The large fluctuations seen in cattle populations during periods of drought in sub-Saharan Africa are not evident in the donkey population. Donkeys appear to have a survival advantage over cattle that is increasingly recognized by smallholder farmers in their selection of working animals. The donkey's survival advantages arise from both socioeconomic and biological factors. Socioeconomic factors include the maintenance of a low sustainable population of donkeys owing to their single-purpose role and their low social status. Also, because donkeys are not usually used as a meat animal and can provide a regular income as a working animal, they are not slaughtered in response to drought, as are cattle. Donkeys have a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations that individually provide small survival advantages over cattle but collectively may make a large difference to whether or not they survive drought. Donkeys have lower maintenance costs as a result of their size and spend less energy while foraging for food; lower energy costs result in a lower dry matter intake (DMI) requirement. In donkeys, low-quality diets are digested almost as efficiently as in ruminants and, because of a highly selective feeding strategy, the quality of diet obtained by donkeys in a given pasture is higher than that obtained by cattle. Lower energy costs of walking, longer foraging times per day and ability to tolerate thirst may allow donkeys to access more remote, under-utilized sources of forage that are inaccessible to cattle on rangeland. As donkeys become a more popular choice of working animal for farmers, specific management practices need to be devised that allow donkeys to fully maximize their natural survival advantages.
	Address	Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK. d.g.smith@abdn.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-4747	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16335068			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4231
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20]

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help