Records |
Author |
Steinhoff, H.J.; Lieutenant, K.; Redhardt, A. |
Title |
Conformational transition of aquomethemoglobin: intramolecular histidine E7 binding reaction to the heme iron in the temperature range between 220 K and 295 K as seen by EPR and temperature-jump measurements |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
Volume |
996 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
49-56 |
Keywords |
Animals; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Histidine; Horses; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methemoglobin/*ultrastructure; Motion; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Water |
Abstract |
Temperature-dependent EPR and temperature-jump measurements have been carried out, in order to examine the high-spin to low-spin transition of aquomethemogobin (pH 6.0). Relaxation rates and equilibrium constants could be determined as a function of temperature. As a reaction mechanism for the high-spin to low-spin transition, the binding of N epsilon of His E7 to the heme iron had been proposed; the same mechanism had been suggested for the ms-effect, found in temperature-jump experiments on aquomethemoglobin. A comparison of the thermodynamic quantities, deduced form the measurements in this paper, gives evidence that indeed the same reaction is investigated in both cases. Our results and most of the findings of earlier studies on the spin-state transitions of aquomethemoglobin, using susceptibility, optical, or EPR measurements, can be explained by the transition of methemoglobin with H2O as ligand (with high-spin state at all temperatures) and methemoglobin with ligand N epsilon of His E7 (with a low-spin ground state). Thermal fluctuations of large amplitude have to be postulated for the reaction to take place, so this reaction may be understood as a probe for the study of protein dynamics. |
Address |
Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, F.R.G |
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English |
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ISSN |
0006-3002 |
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Notes |
PMID:2544230 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3803 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A. |
Title |
Taste aversion learning in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
Volume |
68 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2340-2344 |
Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; *Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/*psychology; *Taste |
Abstract |
The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds. |
Address |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2401656 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
41 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
Title |
Ingestive behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
319-337 |
Keywords |
Animals; Eating/*physiology; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Horses/*physiology |
Abstract |
In summary, horses spend 60% or more of their time eating when grazing or when feed is available free choice. Grasses are their preferred food, but they supplement the grass with herbs and woody plants. Sweetened mixtures of oats and corn are the most preferred concentrate. Horses can increase or decrease the time spent eating and amount eaten to maintain caloric intake. Their intake is stimulated by drugs such as diazepam and by the presence of other horses. Horses stop eating when gastric osmolality increases; increases in plasma osmolality, protein, and glucose accompany digestion. Foals eat several times an hour and begin sampling solid food at the same time that their dam is eating. Several areas of particular importance to the equine industry have not been investigated. These areas include the effect of exercise on short- and long-term food intake and the influence of reproductive state on the feeding of mares. |
Address |
Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0749-0739 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2202495 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
42 |
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Author |
Cancedda, M. |
Title |
[Social and behavioral organization of horses on the Giara (Sardinia): distribution and aggregation] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper |
Volume |
66 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1089-1096 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Environment; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Italy; Male; Population Density; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Water |
Abstract |
In this paper some considerations on the environment of the 42 Kmq of the volcanic-basaltic Giara tableland are discussed. Conditioning by the environment and its effect on the distribution of a population of 712 horses is illustrated in view of their social and behavioural organization. |
Address |
Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Speciale, Universita di Sassari |
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Language |
Italian |
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Original Title |
Introduzione all'organizzazione sociale e comportamentale dei cavallini sulla Giara (Sardegna): distribuzione ed aggregazione |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0037-8771 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2095819 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
673 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
Title |
The representation of social relations by monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cognition |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
167-196 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops/*psychology; Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca fascicularis/*psychology; Male; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
Abstract |
Monkeys recognize the social relations that exist among others in their group. They know who associates with whom, for example, and other animals' relative dominance ranks. In addition, monkeys appear to compare types of social relations and make same/different judgments about them. In captivity, longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) trained to recognize the relation between one adult female and her offspring can identify the same relation among other mother-offspring pairs, and distinguish this relation from bonds between individuals who are related in a different way. In the wild, if a vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) has seen a fight between a member of its own family and a member of Family X, this increases the likelihood that it will act aggressively toward another member of Family X. Vervets act as if they recognize some similarity between their own close associates and the close associates of others. To make such comparisons the monkeys must have some way of representing the properties of social relationships. We discuss the adaptive value of such representations, the information they contain, their structure, and their limitations. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0010-0277 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2269006 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
702 |
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Author |
Mitman, G. |
Title |
Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Hist Behav Sci |
Volume |
26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-16 |
Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States |
Abstract |
During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. |
Address |
University of Wisconsin |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0022-5061 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2405050 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2044 |
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Author |
Loyola, E.G.; Rodriguez, M.H.; Gonzalez, L.; Arredondo, J.I.; Bown, D.N.; Vaca, M.A. |
Title |
Effect of indoor residual spraying of DDT and bendiocarb on the feeding patterns of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
635-640 |
Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; *Carbamates; Cattle; *Ddt; Ecology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; *Insecticides; Mexico; *Phenylcarbamates; Seasons |
Abstract |
Intense and persistent use of DDT for malaria control has increased resistance and induced exophilic behavior of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. An evaluation of bendiocarb and DDT to control this species in Sinaloa, Mexico, showed that, in spite of DDT-resistance, both insecticides produced similar effects. Feeding patterns were analyzed to explain these results. Resting mosquitoes were collected over the dry and wet seasons. Anophelines were tested in an ELISA to determine the source of the meals. The human blood index (HBI) ranged from 3.3 to 6.8% in DDT- and from 12.7 to 26.9% in bendiocarb-sprayed houses. Irritability and repellency in DDT-sprayed houses could explain the reduced HBI. In contrast, bendiocarb produced higher mortality. These effects could have affected different components of the vectorial capacity and similarly reduced malaria. |
Address |
Center for Malaria Research, Chiapas, Mexico |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
8756-971X |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2098469 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2671 |
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Author |
Holmstrom, M.; Magnusson, L.E.; Philipsson, J. |
Title |
Variation in conformation of Swedish warmblood horses and conformational characteristics of elite sport horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
186-193 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Breeding; Female; Forelimb/anatomy & histology; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology; Horses/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Regression Analysis; Sex Characteristics |
Abstract |
The variation in conformation of 356 Swedish Warmblood horses is described, using a quantitative method of measuring horses. Thirty-three of the horses were elite dressage horses, 28 were elite showjumpers, 100 were riding school horses and 195 were unselected four-year-olds. Most horses had a long body form. The average height at the withers was 163.4 cm. Sixty per cent of the horses had a bench knee conformation, 50 per cent had a toe-in conformation of the forelimbs and 80 per cent had outwardly rotated hind limbs. The majority of these deviations were mild or moderate. Conformation was influenced by sex and age. Mares were smaller and had longer bodies and shorter limbs. The elite dressage horses and showjumpers had larger hock angles and more sloping scapulas than other horses. The showjumpers also had smaller fetlock angles in the front limbs. It is suggested that the larger hock angles among the elite horses may be because hocks with small angles are more prone to injury, and because small hock angles may negatively influence the ability to attain the degree of collection necessary for good performance in advanced classes. |
Address |
Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2361507 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3756 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hinrichs, K.; Watson, E.D.; Kenney, R.M. |
Title |
Granulosa cell tumor in a mare with a functional contralateral ovary |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume |
197 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1037-1038 |
Keywords |
Animals; Corpus Luteum/*physiopathology; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor/pathology/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*pathology/physiopathology; Horses; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/*veterinary; Ovary/*pathology/physiopathology |
Abstract |
A functional corpus luteum was found in the ovary contralateral to the ovary with a granulosa cell tumor in a 24-year-old Standardbred mare. The mare was ovariectomized because she was to be used as a jump mare for collection of semen from stallions. The blood concentration of progesterone was 2.2 ng/ml, and the luteal tissue progesterone concentration was 6.3 micrograms/mg. Atrophy of the contralateral ovary is one of the major signs used in diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor; however, our findings indicate that the ovary contralateral to a granulosa cell tumor is not invariably nonfunctional. |
Address |
Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536 |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:2243036 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3802 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Northrup, N.; Wheatley, T.; Houpt, T.R. |
Title |
Thirst and salt appetite in horses treated with furosemide |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
Volume |
71 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2380-2386 |
Keywords |
Animals; Appetite/*drug effects; Blood Volume; Diuresis; Drinking/drug effects; Female; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Natriuresis; Sodium, Dietary/*administration & dosage; Thirst/*drug effects |
Abstract |
When a preliminary experiment in sodium-replete ponies revealed an increase, but not a significant increase, in salt consumption after furosemide treatment, the experiment was repeated using sodium-deficient horses in which aldosterone levels might be expected to be elevated to test the hypothesis that a background of aldosterone is necessary for salt appetite. Ten Standardbred mares were injected intravenously with furosemide or an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride as a control to test the effect of furosemide on their salt appetite and blood constituents. Sodium intake and sodium loss in urine, as well as water intake and urine output, were measured and compared to determine accuracy of compensation for natriuresis and diuresis. Plasma protein and packed cell volume showed significant increases in response to furosemide treatment (F = 29.31, P less than 0.001 and F = 11.20, P less than 0.001, respectively). There were no significant changes in plasma sodium concentration or osmolality in response to the treatment (P greater than 0.05). The furosemide-treated horses consumed 126 +/- 14.8 g salt, significantly more than when they were given the control injection (94.5 +/- 9.8 g; t = 2.22, P = 0.05). In response to furosemide, horses lost 962 +/- 79.7 and consumed 2,170 +/- 5 meq sodium; however, compared with control, they lost 955 meq more sodium and ingested only 570 meq more sodium, so they were undercompensating for natriuresis. The furosemide-treated horses drank 9.6 +/- 0.8 kg of water, significantly more than when they received the control injection (6.4 +/- 0.8 kg; t = 6.9, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
Address |
Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401 |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
8750-7587 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:1778936 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
38 |
Permanent link to this record |