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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R.
Title Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil
Volume 94 Issue 2 Pages 437-444
Keywords Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology
Abstract Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.
Address Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1317449 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 145
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Wiesner, L.; Kenney, R.M.; Ganjam, V.K.; Turner, J.W.
Title Seasonal variation in plasma androgens and testosterone in the North American wild horse Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication The Journal of endocrinology Abbreviated Journal J Endocrinol
Volume 72 Issue 2 Pages 237-238
Keywords Androgens/*blood; Animals; Horses/*blood; Male; *Seasons; Testosterone/*blood
Abstract
Address
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0022-0795 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:845536 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 148
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Vail, R.; Devous, S.; Schwend, S.; Baker, C.B.; Wiesner, L.
Title Diurnal variation of plasma testosterone in wild stallions Type Journal Article
Year 1976 Publication Biology of reproduction Abbreviated Journal Biol Reprod
Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 98-101
Keywords Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; Horses/*blood; Male; Montana; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Species Specificity; Testosterone/*blood
Abstract
Address
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 0006-3363 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:986195 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 149
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Author Hertsch, B.; Becker, C.
Title [Occurrence of aseptic necrosis of the palmar and plantar ligament in the horse--a contribution to the differentiation of sesamoid bone diseases] Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift Abbreviated Journal Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
Volume 93 Issue 6 Pages 263-266
Keywords Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Horse Diseases/*pathology; Horses; Ligaments, Articular/*pathology; Osteonecrosis/*pathology; Sesamoid Bones/*pathology
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title Zum Vorkommen der aseptischen Nekrose im Ligamentum palmare bzw. plantare beim Pferd--ein Beitrag zur Differenzierung der Gleichbeinerkrankungen
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 0341-6593 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3527654 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 150
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Author Kraus-Hansen, A.E.; Fackelman, G.E.; Becker, C.; Williams, R.M.; Pipers, F.S.
Title Preliminary studies on the vascular anatomy of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Keywords Angiography/veterinary; Animals; Exercise Test/veterinary; Forelimb; Horses/*anatomy & histology/surgery; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tendons/*blood supply/surgery/ultrastructure
Abstract The vascular and microvascular anatomy of normal equine superficial digital flexor tendons was studied by dissection of vinyl-perfused specimens and by microangiography on high detail film. The presence of an extensive intratendinous vascular latticework was confirmed, and a 'nutrient artery' described closely associated with the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (proximal check ligament). Circumferential stripping of the paratenon from the tendon to eliminate afferent vessels was performed bilaterally in three horses and unilaterally in a fourth, followed by a treadmill training regimen. No resulting intratendinous lesions could be documented on gross post mortem and histological examination at three, 10, or 35 days post operatively. There was mild paratendinous proliferation in all instances. In one horse, four intratendinous ligatures were placed within the medial and lateral borders of the contralateral tendon to isolate further from its blood supply a 10 cm segment. Gross lesions at 35 days post operatively included a marked paratendinous response involving the entire 10 cm segment, and a darkened, soft focus within the core of the tendon. Histopathology and electron microscopy demonstrated focal degeneration. It was concluded that the blood supply of the normal equine superficial digital flexor tendon is primarily intratendinous, rather than paratendinous as previously thought. The lesions in one horse similar to those in naturally occurring tendinitis supported a vascular aetiology of the disease, and set the groundwork for studies aimed at the development of a clinically relevant tendinitis model.
Address Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1555540 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 151
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Author Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R.
Title Causal reasoning in rats Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 311 Issue 5763 Pages 1020-1022
Keywords Animals; *Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; *Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans
Abstract Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories.
Address Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16484500 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 154
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Author Beckers, T.; Miller, R.R.; De Houwer, J.; Urushihara, K.
Title Reasoning rats: forward blocking in Pavlovian animal conditioning is sensitive to constraints of causal inference Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. General Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Gen
Volume 135 Issue 1 Pages 92-102
Keywords Animals; *Association Learning; *Cognition; *Conditioning, Classical; Cues; Fear; Female; Inhibition (Psychology); Male; Motivation; *Problem Solving; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Abstract Forward blocking is one of the best-documented phenomena in Pavlovian animal conditioning. According to contemporary associative learning theories, forward blocking arises directly from the hardwired basic learning rules that govern the acquisition or expression of associations. Contrary to this view, here the authors demonstrate that blocking in rats is flexible and sensitive to constraints of causal inference, such as violation of additivity and ceiling considerations. This suggests that complex cognitive processes akin to causal inferential reasoning are involved in a well-established Pavlovian animal conditioning phenomenon commonly attributed to the operation of basic associative processes.
Address Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, NY, USA. tom.beckers@psy.kuleuven.be
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 0096-3445 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16478318 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 155
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Author Horner, V.; Whiten, A.; Flynn, E.; de Waal, F.B.M.
Title Faithful replication of foraging techniques along cultural transmission chains by chimpanzees and children Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 103 Issue 37 Pages 13878-13883
Keywords Animals; Child, Preschool; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
Abstract Observational studies of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have revealed population-specific differences in behavior, thought to represent cultural variation. Field studies have also reported behaviors indicative of cultural learning, such as close observation of adult skills by infants, and the use of similar foraging techniques within a population over many generations. Although experimental studies have shown that chimpanzees are able to learn complex behaviors by observation, it is unclear how closely these studies simulate the learning environment found in the wild. In the present study we have used a diffusion chain paradigm, whereby a behavior is passed from one individual to the next in a linear sequence in an attempt to simulate intergenerational transmission of a foraging skill. Using a powerful three-group, two-action methodology, we found that alternative methods used to obtain food from a foraging device (“lift door” versus “slide door”) were accurately transmitted along two chains of six and five chimpanzees, respectively, such that the last chimpanzee in the chain used the same method as the original trained model. The fidelity of transmission within each chain is remarkable given that several individuals in the no-model control group were able to discover either method by individual exploration. A comparative study with human children revealed similar results. This study is the first to experimentally demonstrate the linear transmission of alternative foraging techniques by non-human primates. Our results show that chimpanzees have a capacity to sustain local traditions across multiple simulated generations.
Address Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, United Kingdom
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16938863 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 159
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Author Brosnan, S.F.; Freeman, C.; De Waal, F.B.M.
Title Partner's behavior, not reward distribution, determines success in an unequal cooperative task in capuchin monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication American journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Am. J. Primatol.
Volume 68 Issue 7 Pages 713-724
Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Male; *Reward
Abstract It was recently demonstrated that capuchin monkeys notice and respond to distributional inequity, a trait that has been proposed to support the evolution of cooperation in the human species. However, it is unknown how capuchins react to inequitable rewards in an unrestricted cooperative paradigm in which they may freely choose both whether to participate and, within the bounds of their partner's behavior, which reward they will receive for their participation. We tested capuchin monkeys with such a design, using a cooperative barpull, which has been used with great success in the past. Contrary to our expectations, the equity of the reward distribution did not affect success or pulling behavior. However, the behavior of the partner in an unequal situation did affect overall success rates: pairs that had a tendency to alternate which individual received the higher-value food in unequal reward situations were more than twice as successful in obtaining rewards than pairs in which one individual dominated the higher-value food. This ability to equitably distribute rewards in inherently biased cooperative situations has profound implications for activities such as group hunts, in which multiple individuals work together for a single, monopolizable reward.
Address Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0275-2565 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16786518 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 160
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Author Bonnie, K.E.; de Waal, F.B.M.
Title Affiliation promotes the transmission of a social custom: handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal Primates
Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Keywords Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cultural Evolution; Grooming/*physiology; Observation; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Social Behavior
Abstract Handclasp grooming is a unique social custom, known to occur regularly among some, but not all populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As with other cultural behaviors, it is assumed that this distinctive grooming posture is learned socially by one individual from another. However, statistical comparisons among factors thought to influence how a behavior spreads within a group have never, to our knowledge, been conducted. In the present study, the origination and spread of handclasp grooming in a group of captive chimpanzees was followed throughout more than 1,500 h of observation over a period of 12 years. We report on the frequency, bout duration, and number and demography of performers throughout the study period, and compare these findings to those reported for wild populations. We predicted that dyads with strong affiliative ties, measured by time spent in proximity to and grooming one another, were likely to develop a handclasp grooming partnership during the study period. A quadratic assignment procedure was used to compare correlations among observed frequencies of grooming and proximity with handclasp grooming in all possible dyads within the group. As predicted, the formation of new handclasp grooming dyads was positively correlated with the rate of overall grooming and proximity within a dyad. In addition, in nearly all dyads formed, at least one individual had been previously observed to handclasp groom. We concluded that affiliation and individual experience determines the transmission of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees.
Address Department of Psychology, Emory University, and Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition (up)
ISSN 0032-8332 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16142425 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 161
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