Home << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–11]
List View
 | 
Citations
 | 
Details
   web
Records
Author Judge, P.J.
Title (up) Dyadic and triadic reconciliation in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Am. J. Primatol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue Pages 225-237
Keywords reconciliation • kinship • affiliation • aggression
Abstract The tendency in primates for former antagonists to approach and affiliate following aggression has been termed reconciliation because the response is thought to resolve social conflicts produced by aggression. In primate societies, however, an aggressive interaction between two individuals often spreads to include other group members, especially the kin of the combatants. If post conflict affiliation resolves aggressive conflicts in a group, then affiliative increases might occur between combatants and the kin of their opponents following aggression as well as between former opponents. This hypothesis was tested in a captive group of 39 pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) by comparing affiliative response frequencies of combatants during the 5 minute period following aggression to affiliative response frequencies during 5 minute baseline periods not preceded by aggressive activity. Following aggression, affiliation rates increased between combatants and their opponents, aggressors and the kin of their opponents, and aggressors and their own kin. Additional analyses showed that aggression among kin was reconciled more often than aggression among nonkin. Recipients of aggression reconciled with their attackers more often than aggressors reconciled with their victims. Animals with similar dominance ranks reconciled proportionately more often than those with large rank disparities and aggressive infractions of a calculated dominance hierarchy were reconciled more often than attacks consistent with the hierarchy. Results suggest that both dyadic and triadic reconciliations occur in M. nemestrina and that compared to other primate species M. nemestrina exhibit a moderate-to-high conciliatory tendency.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes 10.1002/ajp.1350230403 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4869
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Johnstone, R.A.
Title (up) Eavesdropping and animal conflict Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 98 Issue 16 Pages 9177-9180
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Models, Theoretical
Abstract Fights between pairs of animals frequently take place within a wider social context. The displays exchanged during conflict, and the outcome of an encounter, are often detectable by individuals who are not immediately involved. In at least some species, such bystanders are known to eavesdrop on contests between others, and to modify their behavior toward the contestants in response to the observed interaction. Here, I extend Maynard Smith's well known model of animal aggression, the Hawk-Dove game, to incorporate the possibility of eavesdroppers. I show that some eavesdropping is favored whenever the cost of losing an escalated fight exceeds the value of the contested resource, and that its equilibrium frequency is greatest when costs are relatively high. Eavesdropping reduces the risk of escalated conflict relative to that expected by chance, given the level of aggression in the population. However, it also promotes increased aggression, because it enhances the value of victory. The net result is that escalated conflicts are predicted to occur more frequently when eavesdropping is possible.
Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. raj1003@hermes.cam.ac.uk
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11459936 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 497
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Earley, R.L.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title (up) Eavesdropping on visual cues in green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) fights: a case for networking Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal Proc Biol Sci
Volume 269 Issue 1494 Pages 943-952
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cyprinodontiformes; Female; Male
Abstract Aggressive contests probably occur in networking environments where information about fighting ability is conveyed both to an opponent and to individuals peripheral to the fight itself, the bystanders. Our primary aim was to investigate the relative influences of eavesdropping and prior social experience on the dynamics of aggressive contests in Xiphophorus helleri. A bystander's ability to witness an encounter was manipulated using clear, one-way mirror, and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) the initial contest, the bystander encountered either the winner or loser of the bout. Treatment comparisons of bystander-winner or bystander-loser contest dynamics indicated the presence or absence of winner, loser, or eavesdropping effects. Winner and loser effects had negligible influences on bystander contest dynamics. Eavesdropping significantly reduced the bystander's propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, and win against seen winners regardless of whether the watched bout had escalated or not. Though eavesdropping had relatively little effect on bystander-loser contest dynamics, bystanders were less prone to initiate aggression and win against losers that had escalated in the witnessed bout. Thus, bystanders appear to preferentially retain and utilize information gained about potentially dangerous opponents (winners or persistent losers). Our data lend clear support for the importance of eavesdropping in visually based aggressive signalling systems.
Address Department of Biology, Life Science, Room 139, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. rlearl01@athena.louisville.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12028778 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 498
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Obergfell, J.
Title (up) Einf lus s v on St ruktur e l ement en auf da s Li eg ev e rha l t en v on Pf e rden in Gruppenha l tung unt e r Be rücks i cht igung de s Ag g r e s s i ons v e rha l t ens Type Manuscript
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Pferde, Ruheverhalten, Liegeverhalten, Aggressionsverhalten, Strukturelemente, Rangordnung [horses, rest behavior, lying behavior, aggression behavior, structural elements, rank order]
Abstract Durch die vorliegende Studie wurde der Einfluss von Strukturelementen auf das Liege- und Aggressionsverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung untersucht. Die Strukturelemente sollten Rückzugsmöglichkeiten bieten, sowie in ihrem Bereich zur Aufhebung der Individualdistanz führen und dadurch die Fläche relativ vergrößern. Für die Versuche stellte das Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach drei unabhängige Pferdegruppen mit verschiedener Herdengröße zur Verfügung, die jeweils in Einraum- Innenlaufställen gehalten wurden. Die Datenerfassung fand zwischen 23 und sieben Uhr statt. Insgesamt wurden 366 Stunden Videomaterial ausgewertet. Beim Ruheverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des event-sampling- Verfahrens die Parameter Gesamtliegedauer, Dauer in Seitenlage, Dauer der Einzelphasen in

Seitenlage und Abliegehäufigkeit pro Nacht erfasst. Es wurden Versuchsphasen ohne

Strukturelemente und mit hängenden Planen als Strukturierung durchgeführt. Im ersten Stall

kamen außerdem über einander gestapelte Strohballen zum Einsatz. Diese Art der

Strukturierung stellte sich jedoch als nicht praktikabel heraus und führte im Vergleich zu den Planen zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der Gesamtliegedauer. In Stall 1 konnte man eine tendenzielle Verbesserung der Parameter Gesamtliegedauer und Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage durch das Anbringen von Planen sehen. In Stall 3 dagegen verschlechterte sich das Ruheverhalten in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen gegenüber den Versuchsphasen ohne Struktur. Die Werte der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage nahmen signifikant ab. In Stall 2 zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Möglicherweise ist die Wirkung der Strukturelemente auf das Liegeverhalten abhängig von der Flächengröße. Stall 1 hatte bezogen auf die Leitlinien des BMELV die größte und Stall 3 die kleinste Fläche. Bei den anderen Parametern des Liegeverhaltens gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Mit Hilfe des time-sampling-Verfahrens wurde die Anzahl gleichzeitig liegender Pferde und gleichzeitig liegender Pferde in Seitenlage bestimmt. Auch hier zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der Werte der Gesamtliegedauer und der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage mit dem Alter der Pferde (Stall 1 und Stall 3) und mit dem Integrationszeitpunkt (Stall 1) konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Beim Aggressionsverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des

event-sampling-Verfahrens in den Ställen 2 und 3 verschiedene Arten von Aggressionen

erfasst, die dann in die drei Intensitätsgrade Low-Level-, Mid-Level- und High-Level-

Aggressionen unterteilt wurden. Neben der Anzahl wurde die Dauer der verschiedenen

Aggressionen bewertet. Insgesamt konnte eine positive Wirkung der Planen auf das

Aggressionsverhalten beobachtet werden. Die Gesamtanzahl an Aggressionen nahm in beiden

Ställen tendenziell in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen ab. In Stall 3 konnte, wenn man die

Aggressionen stundenweise betrachtet, ein signifikanter Unterschied festgestellt werden.

Auch der Hinterhandschlag und die Aggressionen, welche das Ruheverhalten stören,

verringerten sich tendenziell nach dem Anbringen von Strukturelementen. In beiden Ställen

nahm die relative Häufigkeit von Mid-Level-Aggressionen nach dem Anbringen von Planen

zu. Dagegen konnte bei den High-Level-Aggressionen und in Stall 3 bei den Low-Level-

Aggressionen eine relative Abnahme beobachtet werden. Sowohl die Anzahl als auch die

Dauer der Mid-Level-Aggressionen verringerten sich in Stall 3 stundenweise betrachtet

signifikant in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen. In Stall 2 war bei den High-Level-

Aggressionen sowohl bei der Dauer als auch bei der Anzahl eine signifikante Abnahme zu

sehen. Wenn man das Aggressionsverhalten in Bezug zu der Fläche in den zwei Ställen

betrachtet, schien diese vor allem einen Einfluss auf die High-Level-Aggressionen zu

nehmen. Mit Hilfe des Rangindex der Pferde im Stall 3 wurde eine Rangordnung aufgestellt.

Zwischen dem Platz der Pferde in der Rangordnung und den Parametern des Ruheverhaltens

(Gesamtliegedauer, Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage) sowie dem Alter der Pferde konnte kein

Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Zwischen dem Rangindex und der Gesamtanzahl an

Aggressionen bestand dagegen ein hoch signifikanter Zusammenhang. Im Rahmen dieser

Studie ist das Anbringen von Strukturelementen in Bezug auf das Aggressionsverhalten in

Einraum-Innenlaufställen von Pferden zu empfehlen. Die Wirkung auf das Liegeverhalten der

Pferde sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.

[In this study the influence of structural elements on lying and aggression behavior in horses

kept in groups was exanimated. Structural elements should offer the possibility of retreat.

Furthermore, within the respective area, the individual distance should be limited, thus

increasing the overall space relatively. For the studies the “Haupt- und Landesgestüt

Marbach” provided three non-related groups of different sized horses, each kept in separate

“Einraum-Innenlaufställen”. Data collection took place between 11 pm and 7 am. Altogether,

366 hours of video material were analyzed. Using the event-sampling-method, the following

parameters within the horses´ resting behavior were determined: The total lying period, the

total lying period in lateral position, the periods of the single lying in lateral position and the

frequency of lying down. Test phases were carried out without structural elements and with

hanging canvases as structural elements. In the first stable there were also three bales of straw

piled up on top of each other. This kind of structuring emerged as impractical and in

comparison to the canvas, led to a significant deterioration to the total period of lying. After

the canvases were fixed in the first stable, a slight improvement with the parameters of total

lying period and total lying period in the lateral position could be seen. In contrast, the resting

behavior in stable 3 worsened in the test phases with the canvases in comparison to the test phases without structural elements. The values for the total lying period in the lateral position

decreased significantly. In stable 2, there were no differences in the different test phases.

Possibly the effect of the structural elements is dependent of the space. Stable 1 had the

largest space and stable 3 the least space referred to the guideline of the BMELV. The other

parameters of the lying behavior showed no significant differences in the different test phases.

The number of horses lying at the same time, and the number of horses lying at the same time

in the lateral position were detected with the aid of the time-sampling-method. There were

also no differences between the different test phases. If the values of the total lying period and

the total lying period in lateral position were compared to the age of the horses (stable 1 and

stable 3) and to the point of integration (stable 1), there was no correlation.

Different kinds of aggression were detected by the means of the event-sampling-method in

stable 2 and 3 and were subdivided into the three levels of intensity: Low-level-, mid-level

and high-level-aggressions. Both the number and the duration of the different aggressions

were evaluated. All in all a positive influence of the canvas on the aggression behavior could

be observed. In both stables, the total number of aggressions decreased in the test phases with

canvases. In stable 3 a significant difference could be detected, if the aggressions were

observed per hour. Also hind limb kicks and aggressions disturbing the resting behavior,

decreased by trend, after fixing the canvases in the stable. In both stables the relative

frequency of mid-level-aggressions increased after the canvases were mounted. In contrast

there was a relative decrease at the high-level-aggressions and in stable 3 at the low-levelaggressions.

The number and the duration of the mid-level-aggressions in stable 3 decreased,

when considered by the hour in the test phases with canvases. In stable 2 a significant

decrease in duration and number of high-level-aggressions was observed. When examining

aggression behavior in reference to space in the two stables, high-level-aggressions seemed to

be mostly influenced. In stable 3 a rank order was established with the aid of the rank index of

the horses. There was no correlation between the horses´ rank and the parameters of the

resting behavior (the total lying period, the total lying period in lateral position) and between

horses´ rank and age. In contrast, there was a high significant correlation between the rank

index and the total number of aggressions. In context to this study, structural elements in

“Einraum-Innenlaufställen” (BMELV 2009) seem to have a positive influence on the

aggression behavior and thus seem to be recommendable. The influence on the lying behavior

should be investigated in further studies.]
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Karlsruhe Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5772
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Robinson, H.C.
Title (up) Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2007 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 160 Issue 7 Pages 244
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Equidae; Horses/*physiology/*psychology
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17308028 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1773
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Huxley, J.
Title (up) Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 25 Pages 860
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses; Male; Sheep
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17172489 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1776
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Macholc, E.J.A.
Title (up) Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 24 Pages 824
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Ducks; *Horses; Species Specificity
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17158722 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1778
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Giles, N.; Tupper, J.
Title (up) Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 22 Pages 756
Keywords Aggression/*physiology; Animals; Horses/*physiology; Sheep/*physiology; Social Dominance
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17127768 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1779
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Burden, F.; Trawford, A.
Title (up) Equine interspecies aggression Comment on Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 25 Pages 859-860
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dogs; Equidae
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17172484 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1777
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Rogers, L.J.
Title (up) Evolution of hemispheric specialization: advantages and disadvantages Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Brain and Language Abbreviated Journal Brain Lang
Volume 73 Issue 2 Pages 236-253
Keywords Aggression/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Chickens/physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Functional Laterality/*physiology; Visual Fields/physiology; Visual Perception/physiology
Abstract Lateralization of the brain appeared early in evolution and many of its features appear to have been retained, possibly even in humans. We now have a considerable amount of information on the different forms of lateralization in a number of species, and the commonalities of these are discussed, but there has been relatively little investigation of the advantages of being lateralized. This article reports new findings on the differences between lateralized and nonlateralized chicks. The lateralized chicks were exposed to light for 24 h on day 19 of incubation, a treatment known to lead to lateralization of a number of visually guided responses, and the nonlateralized chicks were incubated in the dark. When they were feeding, the lateralized chicks were found to detect a stimulus resembling a raptor with shorter latency than nonlateralized chicks. This difference was not a nonspecific effect caused by the light-exposed chicks being more distressed by the stimulus. Instead, it appears to be a genuine advantage conferred by having a lateralized brain. It is suggested that having a lateralized brain allows dual attention to the tasks of feeding (right eye and left hemisphere) and vigilance for predators (left eye and right hemisphere). Nonlateralized chicks appear to perform these dual tasks less efficiently than lateralized ones. Reference is made to other species in discussing these results.
Address Division of Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. lrogers@metz.une.edu.au
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0093-934X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:10856176 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4621
Permanent link to this record