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Author (up) Beecher, M.D.; Burt, J.M.; O'Loghlen, A.L.; Templeton, C.N.; Campbell, S.E.
Title Bird song learning in an eavesdropping context Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 73 Issue 6 Pages 929-935
Keywords eavesdropping; Melospiza melodia; passerine; social learning; song acoustics; song learning; song repertoire; song sparrow; vocal communication
Abstract Bird song learning is a major model system for the study of learning with many parallels to human language development. In this experiment we examined a critical but poorly understood aspect of song learning: its social context. We compared how much young song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, learned from two kinds of adult `song tutors': one with whom the subject interacted vocally, and one whom the subject only overheard singing with another young bird. We found that although subjects learned from both song models, they learned more than twice as many songs from the overheard tutor. These results provide the first evidence that young birds choose their songs by eavesdropping on interactions, and in some cases may learn more by eavesdropping than by direct interaction.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4207
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Author (up) Cynx, J.; Hulse, S.H.; Polyzois, S.
Title A psychophysical measure of pitch discrimination loss resulting from a frequency range constraint in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 394-402
Keywords Animals; *Birds; Cognition; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Male; *Pitch Discrimination; Psychoacoustics; Transfer (Psychology)
Abstract Earlier research (Hulse & Cynx, 1985) revealed that a number of species of songbirds acquired a pitch discrimination between rising and falling sequences in an arbitrarily defined training range of frequencies, but then failed to generalize the discrimination to new frequency ranges--a frequency range constraint. The two experiments here provide a psychophysical estimate of how pitch discrimination deteriorated in one species as sequences were stepped out from the training range. The gradient showing loss of discrimination was much sharper than would have been anticipated by stimulus generalization or the training procedures, and appeared unaffected by the removal of rising and falling frequency information. The frequency range constraint and its psychophysical properties have implications both for the analysis of birdsong and the study of animal cognition.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3772303 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2786
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Author (up) de Waal, F.B.M.
Title Animal communication: panel discussion Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci
Volume 1000 Issue Pages 79-87
Keywords Acoustics; Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals
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ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:14766621 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 176
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Author (up) Fenton, B.; Ratcliffe, J.
Title Animal behaviour: eavesdropping on bats Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 429 Issue 6992 Pages 612-613
Keywords Acoustics; Animals; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/*physiology; Echolocation/*physiology; *Evolution; Phylogeny; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Species Specificity
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ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:15190335 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 500
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Author (up) Friederici, A.D.; Alter, K.
Title Lateralization of auditory language functions: a dynamic dual pathway model Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Brain and Language Abbreviated Journal Brain Lang
Volume 89 Issue 2 Pages 267-276
Keywords Auditory Pathways/physiology; Brain Mapping; Comprehension/*physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; Frontal Lobe/*physiology; Humans; Nerve Net/physiology; Phonetics; Semantics; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception/*physiology; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
Abstract Spoken language comprehension requires the coordination of different subprocesses in time. After the initial acoustic analysis the system has to extract segmental information such as phonemes, syntactic elements and lexical-semantic elements as well as suprasegmental information such as accentuation and intonational phrases, i.e., prosody. According to the dynamic dual pathway model of auditory language comprehension syntactic and semantic information are primarily processed in a left hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway including separate circuits for syntactic and semantic information whereas sentence level prosody is processed in a right hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway. The relative lateralization of these functions occurs as a result of stimulus properties and processing demands. The observed interaction between syntactic and prosodic information during auditory sentence comprehension is attributed to dynamic interactions between the two hemispheres.
Address Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 500 355, 04303 Leipzig, Germany. angelafr@cns.mpg.de
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ISSN 0093-934X ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:15068909 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4722
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Author (up) Mercado, E. 3rd; Herman, L.M.; Pack, A.A.
Title Song copying by humpback whales: themes and variations Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 93-102
Keywords Acoustics; Animals; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Male; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal; Whales/*psychology
Abstract Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce long, structured sequences of sound underwater, commonly called “songs.” Humpbacks progressively modify their songs over time in ways that suggest that individuals are copying song elements that they hear being used by other singers. Little is known about the factors that determine how whales learn from their auditory experiences. Song learning in birds is better understood and appears to be constrained by stable core attributes such as species-specific sound repertoires and song syntax. To clarify whether similar constraints exist for song learning by humpbacks, we analyzed changes over 14 years in the sounds used by humpback whales singing in Hawaiian waters. We found that although the properties of individual sounds within songs are quite variable over time, the overall distribution of certain acoustic features within the repertoire appears to be stable. In particular, our findings suggest that species-specific constraints on temporal features of song sounds determine song form, whereas spectral variability allows whales to flexibly adapt song elements.
Address Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. emiii@buffalo.edu
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:15490289 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2505
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Author (up) Miksovska, J.; Larsen, R.W.
Title Photothermal studies of pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Journal of Protein Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Protein Chem
Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 387-394
Keywords Acoustics; Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism; Photolysis; Protein Conformation/radiation effects; Protein Denaturation/radiation effects; *Protein Folding; Temperature; Thermodynamics
Abstract Conformational dynamic and enthalpy changes associated with pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin were studied using photoacoustic calorimetry and photothermal beam deflection methods. The transition between the native state and the I intermediate was induced by a nanosecond pH jump from o-nitrobenzaldehyde photolysis. Deconvolution of photoacoustic waves indicates two kinetic processes. The fast phase (T < 50 ns) is characterized by a volume expansion of 8.8 ml mol(-1). This process is followed by a volume contraction of about -22 ml mol(-1) (tau approximately 500 ns). Photothermal beam deflection measurements do not reveal any volume changes on the time scale between approximately 100 micros and 5 ms. We associate the volume contraction with structural changes occurring during the transition between the native state and the I intermediate. The lack of any processes on the ms time scale may indicate the absence of structural events involving larger conformational changes of apomyoglobin after the pH jump.
Address Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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ISSN 0277-8033 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:13678303 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3780
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Author (up) Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci
Volume 1000 Issue Pages 32-55
Keywords Acoustics; *Affect; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Intention; Posture; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal
Abstract Historically, a dichotomy has been drawn between the semantic communication of human language and the apparently emotional calls of animals. Current research paints a more complicated picture. Just as scientists have identified elements of human speech that reflect a speaker's emotions, field experiments have shown that the calls of many animals provide listeners with information about objects and events in the environment. Like human speech, therefore, animal vocalizations simultaneously provide others with information that is both semantic and emotional. In support of this conclusion, we review the results of field experiments on the natural vocalizations of African vervet monkeys, diana monkeys, baboons, and suricates (a South African mongoose). Vervet and diana monkeys give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to the presence of leopards, eagles, and snakes. Each alarm call type elicits a different, adaptive response from others nearby. Field experiments demonstrate that listeners compare these vocalizations not just according to their acoustic properties but also according to the information they convey. Like monkeys, suricates give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to different predators. Within each predator class, the calls also differ acoustically according to the signaler's perception of urgency. Like speech, therefore, suricate alarm calls convey both semantic and emotional information. The vocalizations of baboons, like those of many birds and mammals, are individually distinctive. As a result, when one baboon hears a sequence of calls exchanged between two or more individuals, the listener acquires information about social events in its group. Baboons, moreover, are skilled “eavesdroppers:” their response to different call sequences provides evidence of the sophisticated information they acquire from other individuals' vocalizations. Baboon males give loud “wahoo” calls during competitive displays. Like other vocalizations, these highly emotional calls provide listeners with information about the caller's dominance rank, age, and competitive ability. Although animal vocalizations, like human speech, simultaneously encode both semantic and emotional information, they differ from language in at least one fundamental respect. Although listeners acquire rich information from a caller's vocalization, callers do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. Listeners acquire information as an inadvertent consequence of signaler behavior.
Address Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:14766619 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 688
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Author (up) Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Abbreviated Journal J Acoust Soc Am
Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 1623-1628
Keywords *Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal
Abstract East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0001-4966 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6736426 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 703
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