| Records |
| Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN  |
0005-7959 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4447586 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
389 |
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| Author |
Reiss, D.; Marino, L. |
| Title |
Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: a case of cognitive convergence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume |
98 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5937-5942 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Dolphins/*physiology; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans. |
| Address |
Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences, New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brooklyn, NY 11224, USA. dlr28@columbia.edu |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11331768 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2822 |
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| Author |
Hauser, M.D.; Kralik, J.; Botto-Mahan, C.; Garrett, M.; Oser, J. |
| Title |
Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
10811-10814 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Discrimination (Psychology); Exploratory Behavior; Female; Hair Color; Male; Phylogeny; Psychology, Comparative; Research Design; Saguinus/*psychology; *Self Concept; Species Specificity; Touch; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while looking in a mirror or inspect parts of their body while using the mirror's reflection. Only chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans over the age of approximately 2 years consistently evidence self-directed mirror-guided behavior without experimenter training. To evaluate the inferred phylogenetic gap between hominoids and other animals, a modified dye-mark test was conducted with cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a New World monkey species. The white hair on the tamarins' head was color-dyed, thereby significantly altering a visually distinctive species-typical feature. Only individuals with dyed hair and prior mirror exposure touched their head while looking in the mirror. They looked longer in the mirror than controls, and some individuals used the mirror to observe visually inaccessible body parts. Prior failures to pass the mirror test may have been due to methodological problems, rather than to phylogenetic differences in the capacity for self-recognition. Specifically, an individual's sensitivity to experimentally modified parts of its body may depend crucially on the relative saliency of the modified part (e.g., face versus hair). Moreover, and in contrast to previous claims, we suggest that the mirror test may not be sufficient for assessing the concept of self or mental state attribution in nonlinguistic organisms. |
| Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7479889 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2825 |
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| Author |
Rilling, M.E.; Neiworth, J.J. |
| Title |
How animals use images |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science Progress |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Prog |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
298 Pt 3-4 |
Pages |
439-452 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Columbidae; *Concept Formation; *Imagination; *Mental Recall; Motion Perception; Problem Solving; *Thinking; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Animal cognition is a field within experimental psychology in which cognitive processes formerly studied exclusively with people have been demonstrated in animals. Evidence for imagery in the pigeon emerges from the experiments described here. The pigeon's task was to discriminate, by pecking the appropriate choice key, between a clock hand presented on a video screen that rotated clockwise with constant velocity from a clock hand that violated constant velocity. Imagery was defined by trials on which the line rotated from 12.00 o'clock to 3.00 o'clock, then disappeared during a delay, and reappeared at a final stop location beyond 3.00 o'clock. After acquisition of a discrimination with final stop locations at 3.00 o'clock and 6.00 o'clock, the evidence for imagery was the accurate responding of the pigeons to novel locations at 4.00 o'clock and 7.00 o'clock. Pigeons display evidence of imagery by transforming a representation of movement that includes a series of intermediate steps which accurately represent the location of a moving stimulus after it disappears. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8504 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:1842858 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2831 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Darwin's legacy and the study of primate visual communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
1000 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
7-31 |
| Keywords |
Affect; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Culture; *Evolution; *Facial Expression; Gestures; Grooming; Humans; Laughter; *Nonverbal Communication; Primates/*physiology; Smiling; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
After Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872, we had to wait 60 years before the theme of animal expressions was picked up by another astute observer. In 1935, Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts published a detailed comparison of the expressive behavior of a juvenile chimpanzee and of her own child. After Kohts, we had to wait until the 1960s for modern ethological analyses of primate facial and gestural communication. Again, the focus was on the chimpanzee, but ethograms on other primates appeared as well. Our understanding of the range of expressions in other primates is at present far more advanced than that in Darwin's time. A strong social component has been added: instead of focusing on the expressions per se, they are now often classified according to the social situations in which they typically occur. Initially, quantitative analyses were sequential (i.e., concerned with temporal associations between behavior patterns), and they avoided the language of emotions. I will discuss some of this early work, including my own on the communicative repertoire of the bonobo, a close relative of the chimpanzee (and ourselves). I will provide concrete examples to make the point that there is a much richer matrix of contexts possible than the common behavioral categories of aggression, sex, fear, play, and so on. Primate signaling is a form of negotiation, and previous classifications have ignored the specifics of what animals try to achieve with their exchanges. There is also increasing evidence for signal conventionalization in primates, especially the apes, in both captivity and the field. This process results in group-specific or “cultural” communication patterns. |
| Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14766618 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
177 |
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| Author |
Vlamings, P.H.J.M.; Uher, J.; Call, J. |
| Title |
How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60-70 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Food; Gorilla gorilla/*psychology; *Learning; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performance of 4 great ape species (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) on the reversed contingency task while manipulating food quantity (0-4 or 1-4) and food visibility (visible pairs or covered pairs). Results showed no systematic species differences but large individual differences. Some individuals of each species were able to solve the reversed contingency task. Both quantity and visibility of the food items had a significant effect on performance. Subjects performed better when the disparity between quantities was smaller and the quantities were not directly visible. |
| Address |
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. p.vlamings@psychology.unimaas.nl |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16435965 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2765 |
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| Author |
Mitchell, D.; Kirschbaum, E.H.; Perry, R.L. |
| Title |
Effects of neophobia and habituation on the poison-induced avoidance of exteroceptive stimuli in the rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
47-55 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects; *Awareness; *Cognition; Conditioning, Operant; Feeding Behavior/drug effects; *Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lithium/administration & dosage/poisoning; Male; Rats; *Taste; Time Factors; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Two experiments on the role of neophobia in poison-induced aversions to exteroceptive stimuli are reported. In Experiment 1, rats were given either 10 or 25 days of habituation to the test situation prior to conditioning. Those animals with the longer habituation period avoided a complex of novel exteroceptive stimuli while those with the shorter habituation period did not. In Experiment 2 rats initially avoided the more novel of two containers, but gradually came to eat equal amounts from both. A single pairing of toxicosis with consumption from either the novel or the familiar container reinstated the avoidance of the novel container in both cases. The results were discussed in terms of an interaction between habituation and conditioning procedures. It was suggested that previously reported differences between interoceptive and exteroceptive conditioning effects may have been influenced by the differential novelty of the two classes of stimuli in the test situation. It was further suggested that non-contingently poisoned control groups should routinely be included in poison avoidance conditioning studies. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:1151289 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2791 |
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| Author |
Sekuler, A.B.; Lee, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Perception |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perception |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1109-1120 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Columbidae; *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
One of the most common obstacles to object perception is the fact that objects often occlude parts of themselves and parts of other objects. Perceptual completion has been studied extensively in humans, and researchers have shown that humans do complete partly occluded objects. In an effort to understand more about the mechanisms underlying completion, recent research has extended the study of perceptual completion to other mammalian species. Monkeys and mice also seem to complete two-dimensional representations of partly occluded objects. The present study addresses the question of whether this capacity generalizes to a nonmammalian species, the pigeon (Columba livia). The results point to a limit of the generalizability of perceptual completion: pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0301-0066 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8983050 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
377 |
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| Author |
Vokey, J.R.; Rendall, D.; Tangen, J.M.; Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Visual kin recognition and family resemblance in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
194-199 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes; Random Allocation; *Recognition (Psychology); *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
The male-offspring biased visual kin recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) reported by L. A. Parr and F. B. M. de Waal (1999) was replicated with human (Homo sapiens) participants and a principal components analysis (PCA) of pixel maps of the chimpanzee face photos. With the same original materials and methods, both humans and the PCA produced the same asymmetry in kin recognition as found with the chimpanzees. The PCA suggested that the asymmetry was a function of differences in the distribution of global characteristics associated with the framing of the faces in the son and daughter test sets. Eliminating potential framing biases, either by cropping the photos tightly to the faces or by rebalancing the recognition foils, eliminated the asymmetry but not human participants' ability to recognize chimpanzee kin. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. vokey@uleth.ca |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15250806 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
171 |
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| Author |
Sutton, J.E.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Internal sense of direction and landmark use in pigeons (Columba livia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
119 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
273-284 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Columbidae; Conflict (Psychology); *Cues; Discrimination Learning; Homing Behavior; *Intuition; *Orientation; *Space Perception; Transfer (Psychology); *Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
The relative importance of an internal sense of direction based on inertial cues and landmark piloting for small-scale navigation by White King pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated in an arena search task. Two groups of pigeons differed in whether they had access to visual cues outside the arena. In Experiment 1, pigeons were given experience with 2 different entrances and all pigeons transferred accurate searching to novel entrances. Explicit disorientation before entering did not affect accuracy. In Experiments 2-4, landmarks and inertial cues were put in conflict or tested 1 at a time. Pigeons tended to follow the landmarks in a conflict situation but could use an internal sense of direction to search when landmarks were unavailable. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. jsutton7@uwo.ca |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16131256 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
360 |
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