Records |
Author |
Hauser, M.D.; Kralik, J.; Botto-Mahan, C.; Garrett, M.; Oser, J. |
Title |
Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
10811-10814 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Discrimination (Psychology); Exploratory Behavior; Female; Hair Color; Male; Phylogeny; Psychology, Comparative; Research Design; Saguinus/*psychology; *Self Concept; Species Specificity; Touch; *Visual Perception |
Abstract |
Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while looking in a mirror or inspect parts of their body while using the mirror's reflection. Only chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans over the age of approximately 2 years consistently evidence self-directed mirror-guided behavior without experimenter training. To evaluate the inferred phylogenetic gap between hominoids and other animals, a modified dye-mark test was conducted with cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a New World monkey species. The white hair on the tamarins' head was color-dyed, thereby significantly altering a visually distinctive species-typical feature. Only individuals with dyed hair and prior mirror exposure touched their head while looking in the mirror. They looked longer in the mirror than controls, and some individuals used the mirror to observe visually inaccessible body parts. Prior failures to pass the mirror test may have been due to methodological problems, rather than to phylogenetic differences in the capacity for self-recognition. Specifically, an individual's sensitivity to experimentally modified parts of its body may depend crucially on the relative saliency of the modified part (e.g., face versus hair). Moreover, and in contrast to previous claims, we suggest that the mirror test may not be sufficient for assessing the concept of self or mental state attribution in nonlinguistic organisms. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:7479889 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2825 |
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Author |
Morell, V. |
Title |
Nicola Clayton profile. Nicky and the jays |
Type |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
315 |
Issue |
5815 |
Pages |
1074-1075 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; England; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Intelligence; Memory; Passeriformes/*physiology; Portraits |
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English |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:17322042 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2833 |
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Author |
Pennisi, E. |
Title |
Animal cognition. Man's best friend(s) reveal the possible roots of social intelligence |
Type |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1737 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cooperative Behavior; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; *Evolution; *Intelligence; *Social Behavior |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:16794056 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2835 |
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Author |
Pennisi, E. |
Title |
Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts |
Type |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1734-1738 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior |
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1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:16794055 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2836 |
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Author |
Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. |
Title |
Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5682 |
Pages |
407-410 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male |
Abstract |
Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com |
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1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:15256673 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2839 |
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Author |
Weir, A.A.S.; Chappell, J.; Kacelnik, A. |
Title |
Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
297 |
Issue |
5583 |
Pages |
981 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Female; Male; Songbirds/*physiology |
Abstract |
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Address |
Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK |
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English |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12169726 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2842 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Williams, N. |
Title |
Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition |
Type |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
275 |
Issue |
5296 |
Pages |
29-30 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Cognition; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta/psychology; Male; Memory; Reward; *Social Sciences |
Abstract |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:8999531 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2845 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Real, L.A. |
Title |
Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
253 |
Issue |
5023 |
Pages |
980-986 |
Keywords |
Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability |
Abstract |
Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints. |
Address |
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
PMID:1887231 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2846 |
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Author |
Kirkwood, J.K. |
Title |
Animal minds and animal welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
Volume |
146 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
327 |
Keywords |
*Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*psychology; *Cognition; Consciousness; Veterinary Medicine/standards |
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English |
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ISSN |
0042-4900 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766123 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2856 |
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Author |
Straub, A. |
Title |
An intelligent crow beats a lab |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
316 |
Issue |
5825 |
Pages |
688 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Crows; Dogs; Intelligence; Memory |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:17478698 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4102 |
Permanent link to this record |