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Author Johnstone, R.A.
Title Eavesdropping and animal conflict Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 98 Issue 16 Pages 9177-9180
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Models, Theoretical
Abstract Fights between pairs of animals frequently take place within a wider social context. The displays exchanged during conflict, and the outcome of an encounter, are often detectable by individuals who are not immediately involved. In at least some species, such bystanders are known to eavesdrop on contests between others, and to modify their behavior toward the contestants in response to the observed interaction. Here, I extend Maynard Smith's well known model of animal aggression, the Hawk-Dove game, to incorporate the possibility of eavesdroppers. I show that some eavesdropping is favored whenever the cost of losing an escalated fight exceeds the value of the contested resource, and that its equilibrium frequency is greatest when costs are relatively high. Eavesdropping reduces the risk of escalated conflict relative to that expected by chance, given the level of aggression in the population. However, it also promotes increased aggression, because it enhances the value of victory. The net result is that escalated conflicts are predicted to occur more frequently when eavesdropping is possible.
Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. raj1003@hermes.cam.ac.uk
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ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:11459936 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 497
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Author Earley, R.L.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Eavesdropping on visual cues in green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) fights: a case for networking Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal Proc Biol Sci
Volume 269 Issue 1494 Pages 943-952
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cyprinodontiformes; Female; Male
Abstract Aggressive contests probably occur in networking environments where information about fighting ability is conveyed both to an opponent and to individuals peripheral to the fight itself, the bystanders. Our primary aim was to investigate the relative influences of eavesdropping and prior social experience on the dynamics of aggressive contests in Xiphophorus helleri. A bystander's ability to witness an encounter was manipulated using clear, one-way mirror, and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) the initial contest, the bystander encountered either the winner or loser of the bout. Treatment comparisons of bystander-winner or bystander-loser contest dynamics indicated the presence or absence of winner, loser, or eavesdropping effects. Winner and loser effects had negligible influences on bystander contest dynamics. Eavesdropping significantly reduced the bystander's propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, and win against seen winners regardless of whether the watched bout had escalated or not. Though eavesdropping had relatively little effect on bystander-loser contest dynamics, bystanders were less prone to initiate aggression and win against losers that had escalated in the witnessed bout. Thus, bystanders appear to preferentially retain and utilize information gained about potentially dangerous opponents (winners or persistent losers). Our data lend clear support for the importance of eavesdropping in visually based aggressive signalling systems.
Address Department of Biology, Life Science, Room 139, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. rlearl01@athena.louisville.edu
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ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:12028778 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 498
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Author Burden, F.; Trawford, A.
Title Equine interspecies aggression Comment on Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 25 Pages 859-860
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dogs; Equidae
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17172484 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1777
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Author Macholc, E.J.A.
Title Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 24 Pages 824
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Ducks; *Horses; Species Specificity
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ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:17158722 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1778
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Author Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I.
Title Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) Type Journal Article
Year 1976 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 59 Issue 3-4 Pages 252-268
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors
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ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:1035107 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4151
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R.
Title Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 15-18
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance
Abstract The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations.
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:7189148 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 59
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Author Aronson, L.
Title Animal behavior case of the month. Aggression directed toward other horses Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc
Volume 213 Issue 3 Pages 358-359
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/psychology; Horses/*psychology; Housing, Animal; Hypothyroidism/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary; Male; Physical Examination/veterinary; Thyroxine/blood/therapeutic use
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Address Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:9702222 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1935
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Author Huxley, J.
Title Equine interspecies aggression Type
Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.
Volume 159 Issue 25 Pages 860
Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses; Male; Sheep
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ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:17172489 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1776
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Author Curtis, S.E.; Stricklin, W.R.
Title The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages 5001-5007
Keywords (up) *Agriculture; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Heat; Helplessness, Learned; Housing, Animal/standards; Immobilization; Nesting Behavior; Pain/psychology/veterinary
Abstract To describe and then fulfill agricultural animals' needs, we must learn more about their fundamental psychological and behavioral processes. How does this animal feel? Is that animal suffering? Will we ever be able to know these things? Scientists specializing in animal cognition say that there are numerous problems but that they can be overcome. Recognition by scientists of the notion of animal awareness has been increasing in recent years, because of the work of Griffin and others. Feeling, thinking, remembering, and imagining are cognitive processes that are factors in the economic and humane production of agricultural animals. It has been observed that the animal welfare debate depends on two controversial questions: Do animals have subjective feelings? If they do, can we find indicators that reveal them? Here, indirect behavioral analysis approaches must be taken. Moreover, the linear additivity of several stressor effects on a variety of animal traits suggests that some single phenomenon is acting as a “clearinghouse” for many or all of the stresses acting on an animal at any given time, and this phenomenon might be psychological stress. Specific situations animals may encounter in agricultural production settings are discussed with respect to the animals' subjective feelings.
Address University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:1808193 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2754
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Taking the best for learning Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 147-9; author reply 159-63
Keywords (up) *Algorithms; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Decision Making; Evolution; *Learning; *Models, Theoretical
Abstract Examples of how animals learn when multiple, sometimes redundant, cues are present provide further examples not considered by Hutchinson and Gigerenzer that seem to fit the principle of taking the best. “The best” may the most valid cue in the present circumstances; evolution may also produce species-specific biases to use the most functionally relevant cues.
Address Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3G3. shettle@psych.utoronto.ca
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ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:15845301 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 361
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