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	Author	Pongrácz, P.; Miklósi, Á.; Vida, V.; Csányi, V.
	Title	The pet dogs ability for learning from a human demonstrator in a detour task is independent from the breed and age			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	90	Issue	3	Pages	309-323
	Keywords	Dog; Breed differences; Social learning
	Abstract	There are many indications and much practical knowledge about the different tasks which various breeds of dogs are selected for. Correspondingly these different breeds are known to possess different physical and mental abilities. We hypothesized that commonly kept breeds will show differences in their problem solving ability in a detour task around a V-shaped fence, and also, that breed differences will affect their learning ability from a human demonstrator, who demonstrates a detour around the fence. Subjects were recruited in Hungarian pet dog schools. We compared the results of the 10 most common breeds in our sample when they were tested in the detour task without human demonstration. There was no significant difference between the latencies of detour, however, there was a trend that German Shepherd dogs were the quickest and Giant Schnauzers were the slowest in this test. For testing the social learning ability of dogs we formed three breed groups (“utility”, “shepherd” and “hunting”). There were no significant differences between these, all the breed groups learned equally well from the human demonstrator. However, we found that dogs belonging to the “shepherd” group looked back more frequently to their owner than the dogs in the “hunting” group. Further, we have found that the age of pet dogs did not affect their social learning ability in the detour task. Our results showed that the pet status of a dog has probably a stronger effect on its cognitive performance and human related behaviour than its age or breed. These results emphasize that socialization and common activities with the dog might overcome the possible breed differences, if we give the dogs common problem solving, or social learning tasks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1591	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6584
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	Author	Berger, K.M.
	Title	Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Conserv Biol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	20	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006			Serial	6448
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	Author	Nowak, S.; Jedrzejewski, W.; Schmidt, K.; Theuerkauf, J.; Myslajek, R.W.; Jedrzejewska, B.
	Title	Howling activity of free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) in the Bialowieza Primeval Forest and the Western Beskidy Mountains (Poland)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	J Ethol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Nowak2006			Serial	6459
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	Author	Murphy, J.; Arkins, S.
	Title	Laterality and visuo-spatial ability in the equine: Functional measures of sport horse selection?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	BSAP Occasional Publication	Abbreviated Journal	BSAP Occasional Publication
	Volume	35	Issue		Pages	159-170
	Keywords
	Abstract	Laterality in any organism or species can be manifest as morphological, sensory and functional degrees of asymmetry such as hemispheric dominance, handedness or sidedness and other motor functional behaviours and as such is equally important in equitation. The influence of the horses' sex on both the direction and the degree of the laterality was explored within and between 4 experimental procedures in the 1st study. The findings showed that the direction, but not the degree of idiosyncratic motor preference in the horses was strongly sex-related. Male horses exhibited significantly more left lateralized responses and female horses exhibited significantly more right lateralized responses. Visuo-spatial ability is also likely to be important in the performance horse. In many species, moderate to large differences in visuo-spatial ability have been reported between the sexes, with superior visuo-spatial ability being reported in males of all species investigated to date. As no known studies had addressed visuo-spatial ability in the equine, the objective of the 2nd study, was to determine if visuo-spatial ability differed between male and female horses. The results produced the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species. There is evidence to suggest that visuospatial ability and motor laterality are associated with cerebral hemispheric asymmetry and may be intrinsically linked. Brain development and laterality have also been associated with hair patterning, and, in a 3rd study we attempted to identify predictors of lateral bias in motor behaviour in horses. We investigated the relationship between the direction of facial hair whorl rotation and the incidence/direction of laterality in the horse. The findings suggest that direction of facial hair whorl rotation may be a useful indicator of lateralised motor behavioural preferences in the horse. We then attempted to establish if laterality was evident at birth in a 4th study, where we explored if neonatal foals exhibited lateralised patterns during and immediately post the birthing process that were correlated with their facial hair whorl patterns. The results showed a significant association between the sex of the foal and the choice of foreleg presented initially during 2nd stage parturition. Significantly more colt foals led with the left foreleg and significantly more filly foals led with the right foreleg than expected purely by random and the behaviour was correlated with facial hair whorl patterns. The findings also suggest that lateralisation in the horse is determined in utero as has also been shown in humans. Comparisons of wholly intact male and female horses are warranted as they might elucidate additional linkages between motor behaviour, visuo-spatial ability and brain organisation and development in the horse. Further research in this area could lead to more appropriate competition conditions (better fence design/construction on cross-country tracks) and so eliminate unnecessary levels of risk associated with many equestrian sports.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	2018/02/27
	ISSN	0263-967x	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6512
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	Author	Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A.
	Title	Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	International Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Int. J. Comp. Psychol
	Volume	19	Issue	2	Pages	223-240
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6526
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	Author	Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.
	Title	Wolf population counting by spectrogram image processing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Appl Math Comput	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	186	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2007			Serial	6464
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	Author	Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J.
	Title	Implementation of a diffusive differential reassignment method for signal enhancement: An application to wolf population counting			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Appl Math Comput	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	193	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2007			Serial	6465
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	Author	Palacios, V.; Font, E.; Marquez, R.
	Title	Iberian wolf howls: acoustic structure, individual variation, and a comparison with North American populations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	J Mammal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Palacios2007			Serial	6469
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	Author	Bonin, S.J.; Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L.; Johnston, T.
	Title	Comparison of mandibular motion in horses chewing hay and pellets			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet. J.
	Volume	39	Issue	3	Pages	258-262
	Keywords	horse; temporomandibular joint; mastication; kinematics
	Abstract	Summary Reasons for performing study: Previous studies have suggested that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) kinematics depend on the type of food being masticated, but accurate measurements of TMJ motion in horses chewing different feeds have not been published. Hypothesis: The temporomandibular joint has a larger range of motion when horses chew hay compared to pellets. Methods: An optical motion capture system was used to track skin markers on the skull and mandible of 7 horses as they chewed hay and pellets. A virtual marker was created on the midline between the mandibles at the level of the 4th premolar teeth to represent the overall motion of the mandible relative to the skull during the chewing cycle. Results: Frequency of the chewing cycles was lower for hay than for pellets. Excursions of the virtual mandibular marker were significantly larger in all 3 directions when chewing hay compared to pellets. The mean velocity of the virtual mandibular marker during the chewing cycle was the same when chewing the 2 feeds. Conclusions: The range of mediolateral displacement of the mandible was sufficient to give full occlusal contact of the upper and lower dental arcades when chewing hay but not when chewing pellets. Potential relevance: These findings support the suggestion that horses receiving a diet high in concentrate feeds may require more frequent dental prophylactic examinations and treatments to avoid the development of dental irregularities associated with smaller mandibular excursions during chewing.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Medical Association (AMA)	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0425-1644	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	doi: 10.2746/042516407X157792			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6513
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	Author	Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.; Morand-Ferron, J.
	Title	Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain Sci.
	Volume	30	Issue	4	Pages	411-412
	Keywords
	Abstract	We argue that the operational definition proposed by Ramsey et al. does not represent a significant improvement for students of innovation, because it is so restrictive that it might actually prevent the testing of hypotheses on the relationships between innovation, ecology, evolution, culture, and intelligence. To avoid tautological thinking, we need to use an operational definition that is taxonomically unbiased and neutral with respect to the hypotheses to be tested.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	2007/12/17
	ISSN	0140-525x	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6533
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