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Author Carson, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M.
Title Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam--Foal behaviour Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1983 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 165-178
Keywords
Abstract In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of Equidae existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals. Infant Equidae are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again. Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.
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ISSN 0304-3762 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6671
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Author Price, E.O.
Title Behavioral aspects of animal domestication Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1984 Publication Q Rev Biol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 59 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Price1984 Serial 6239
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Author Sato, S.
Title Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1984 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Keywords
Abstract Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability.
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6407
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Nursing behaviour and maternal aggression among Welsh ponies (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl Anim Behav Sci
Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 11-25
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Abstract Nursing behaviour and related aggression of mare-foal pairs was studied from birth (n = 21) to 24 weeks of age (n = 15) of the foal. Foals exhibited a decreasing length and frequency of nursing as they grew older. Mares rarely aggressed against their foals during nursing in the foal's first 4 weeks of life, but did so increasingly through Weeks 13-16, after which the rate of aggression during nursing decreased. Mares terminated nursing primarily by moving away, and were most likely to do so during the foal's first 4 weeks of life. They became gradually less likely to do so as the foal grew older. It was concluded that mares sometimes flex their hind limb on the side opposite the foal during nursing in order to conserve energy in a situation in which they would be remaining still anyway. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the frequency or duration of nursing or in the frequency with which their mothers aggressed against them or terminated nursing.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6504
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Author Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H.
Title Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1986 Publication Appl Anim Behav Sci Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 Serial 6251
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1986 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim Beh
Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 1007-1015
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Abstract Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6505
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Author Rutberg, A.T.
Title Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1987 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 145-154
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Abstract Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization.
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Publisher Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0179-1613 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6417
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Author Harrington, F.H.
Title Aggressive howling in wolves Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1987 Publication Anim Behav Abbreviated Journal
Volume 35 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1987 Serial 6457
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Author Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D.
Title Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1987 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine. Vet. J.
Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 189-191
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Abstract Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age.
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Publisher American Medical Association (AMA) Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6702
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Author Kruska, D.
Title Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 1988 Publication Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication New York Editor Jerison, H.J.; Jerison, I.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1988 Serial 6232
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