| Records |
| Author |
Kwang Ng Aik; Rodrigues Daphne |
| Title |
A Big-Five Personality Profile of the Adaptor and Innovator |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2011 |
Publication |
The Journal of Creative Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Creativ. Behav. |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
254-268 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This study explored the relationship between two creative styles (adaptor and innovator) and the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience). 164 teachers from 3 secondary and 2 primary schools in Singapore completed a self?report questionnaire, which consisted of the Kirton Adaption?Innovation Inventory and the NEO?Five Factor Inventory. It was found that adaptors were significantly more conscientious than innovators, while innovators were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than adaptors. No significant differences were found between adaptors and innovators in neuroticism and agreeableness. The study also revealed a meaningful pattern of relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the three facet scales of the KAI. Specifically, Sufficiency of Originality was negatively correlated with Openness to Experience and Extraversion; Rule Governance was positively correlated with conscientiousness but negatively correlated with openness to experience; Efficiency was positively correlated with conscientiousness. The overall findings supported the fundamental contention that different creative styles were due to different combinations of personality traits, with adaptors being more conscientious, while innovators being more extraverted and open to experience. These personality?based differences in creative styles between adaptors and innovators had resulted in much social conflict between them. One way of resolving it is to make known the nature and value of different creative styles to these two different types of creators. |
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Wiley-Blackwell |
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0022-0175 |
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doi: 10.1002/j.2162-6057.2002.tb01068.x |
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6384 |
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| Author |
Gille, C.; Hoischen-Taubner, S.; Spiller, A. |
| Title |
Neue Reitsportmotive jenseits des klassischen Turniersports |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Sportwissenschaft |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
34-43 |
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| Abstract |
Während die traditionellen Pferdesportdisziplinen Dressur- und Springreiten Mitglieder verlieren, haben sich weitere Pferdesportarten in Deutschland etabliert und erfreuen sich wachsender Beliebtheit. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Hintergründen dieser Entwicklung. In einer empirischen Untersuchung wurden 1814 Reiter zu ihren Reitmotiven befragt. Mit Hilfe von Hauptkomponenten- und Clusteranalyse wurde eine Typologie gebildet, die ein differenziertes Bild der Motive verschiedener Reitergruppen ermöglicht. Während die leistungsorientierten Reiter eher in klassischen Reitsportdisziplinen vertreten sind, dominieren in moderneren Reitsportdisziplinen vor allem Genussmotive. Insgesamt entwickelt sich der Trend im Reitsport deutlich vom Drill in der Reitbahn hin zu mehr Entspannung, Erholung und Selbstverwirklichung. Der Wunsch, in der Freizeit Leistung zu bringen, sich mit anderen zu messen und Erfolg zu haben, ist nur noch für einen kleineren Teil der Pferdesportler bedeutsam. Aus der Verteilung der Motive ergeben sich neue Herausforderungen für den organisierten Reitsport, um den Spagat zwischen den Anforderungen der leistungsorientierten Sportreiter und den Erholungssuchenden zu meistern. |
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1868-1069 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gille2011 |
Serial |
6393 |
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| Author |
A. Wiggins; K. Crowston |
| Title |
From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
groupware; natural sciences computing; research and development; social sciences; crowdsourcing; citizen science typology; research collaboration; scientific research projects; virtual collaboration; Communities; Education; Monitoring; Collaboration; Organizations; Biological system modeling; Production |
| Abstract |
Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types-Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education- that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation. |
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2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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1530-1605 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6430 |
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| Author |
Bücheler, T.; Sieg, J.H. |
| Title |
Understanding Science 2.0: Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation in the Scientific Method |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Procedia Computer Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2nd European Future Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2011 (FET 11) |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
327-329 |
| Keywords |
Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Simulation; Agent-Based Modeling; Science 2.0; Citizen Science |
| Abstract |
The innovation process is currently undergoing significant change in many industries. The World Wide Web has created a virtual world of collective intelligence and helped large groups of people connect and collaborate in the innovation process [1]. Von Hippel [2], for instance, states that a large number of users of a given technology will come up with innovative ideas. This process, originating in business, is now also being observed in science. Discussions around “Citizen Science” [3] and “Science 2.0” [4] suggest the same effects are relevant for fundamental research practices. “Crowdsourcing” [5] and “Open Innovation” [6] as well as other names for those paradigms, like Peer Production, Wikinomics, Swarm Intelligence etc., have become buzzwords in recent years. However, serious academic research efforts have also been started in many disciplines. In essence, these buzzwords all describe a form of collective intelligence that is enabled by new technologies, particularly internet connectivity. The focus of most current research on this topic is in the for-profit domain, i.e. organizations willing (and able) to pay large sums to source innovation externally, for instance through innovation contests. Our research is testing the applicability of Crowdsourcing and some techniques from Open Innovation to the scientific method and basic science in a non-profit environment (e.g., a traditional research university). If the tools are found to be useful, this may significantly change how some research tasks are conducted: While large, apriori unknown crowds of “irrational agents” (i.e. humans) are used to support scientists (and teams thereof) in several research tasks through the internet, the usefulness and robustness of these interactions as well as scientifically important factors like quality and validity of research results are tested in a systematic manner. The research is highly interdisciplinary and is done in collaboration with scientists from sociology, psychology, management science, economics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. After a pre-study, extensive data collection has been conducted and the data is currently being analyzed. The paper presents ideas and hypotheses and opens the discussion for further input. |
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1877-0509 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6434 |
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| Author |
Stenglein, J.L.; Waits, L.P.; Ausband, D.E.; Zager, P.; Mack, C.M. |
| Title |
Estimating gray wolf pack size and family relationships using non invasive genetic sampling at rendezvous sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J Mammal |
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| Volume |
92 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stenglein2011 |
Serial |
6476 |
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| Author |
Core Development Team, R. |
| Title |
R: a language and environment for statistical computing |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2011 |
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R foundation for statistical computing |
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Vienna, Austria |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Core Development Team2011 |
Serial |
6489 |
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| Author |
Marescot, L.; Pradel, R.; Duchamp, C.; Cubaynes, S.; Mrboutin, E.; Choquet, R. |
| Title |
Capture – recapture population growth rate as a robust tool against detection heterogeneity for population management |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecol Appl |
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21 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Marescot2011 |
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6491 |
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| Author |
Morgan, T.W.; Elliott, C.L. |
| Title |
Comparison of remotely-triggered cameras vs. howling surveys for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) Abundance in central Kentucky |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
J Ky Acad Science |
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72 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Morgan2011 |
Serial |
6492 |
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| Author |
Morand-Ferron, J.; Quinn, J.L. |
| Title |
Larger groups of passerines are more efficient problem solvers in the wild |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
38 |
Pages |
15898-15903 |
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Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions. Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group living in animals generally might be increased innovative problem-solving efficiency. This benefit has never been demonstrated in a natural context, however, and the mechanisms underlying improved efficiency are largely unknown. We examined the problem-solving performance of great and blue tits at automated devices and found that efficiency increased with flock size. This relationship held when restricting the analysis to naive individuals, demonstrating that larger groups increased innovation efficiency. In addition to this effect of naive flock size, the presence of at least one experienced bird increased the frequency of solving, and larger flocks were more likely to contain experienced birds. These findings provide empirical evidence for the “pool of competence” hypothesis in nonhuman animals. The probability of success also differed consistently between individuals, a necessary condition for the pool of competence hypothesis. Solvers had a higher probability of success when foraging with a larger number of companions and when using devices located near rather than further from protective tree cover, suggesting a role for reduced predation risk on problem-solving efficiency. In contrast to traditional group living theory, individuals joining larger flocks benefited from a higher seed intake, suggesting that group living facilitated exploitation of a novel food source through improved problem-solving efficiency. Together our results suggest that both ecological and social factors, through reduced predation risk and increased pool of competence, mediate innovation in natural populations. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6539 |
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| Author |
Miyata, H.; Gajdon, G.K.; Huber, L.; Fujita, K. |
| Title |
How do keas (Nestor notabilis) solve artificial-fruit problems with multiple locks? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-58 |
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Keas, a species of parrots from New Zealand, are an interesting species for comparative studies of problem solving and cognition because they are known not only for efficient capacities for object manipulation but also for explorative and playful behaviors. To what extent are they efficient or explorative, and what cognitive abilities do they use? We examined how keas would solve several versions of artificial-fruit box problems having multiple locks. After training keas to remove a metal rod from over a Plexiglas lid that had to be opened, we exposed the birds to a variety of tasks having two or more locks. We also introduced a preview phase during which the keas had extended opportunity to look at the tasks before the experimenter allowed the birds to solve them, to examine whether the preview phase would facilitate the birds' performance on the tasks. In a large number of tests, the keas showed a strong trend to solve the tasks with no positive effect of previewing the tasks. When the tasks became complex, however, the keas corrected inappropriate responses more quickly when they had had chance to preview the problems than when they had not. The results suggest that the keas primarily used explorative strategies in solving the lock problems but might have obtained some information about the tasks before starting to solve them. This may reflect a good compromise of keas' trial-and-error tendency and their good cognitive ability that result from a selection pressure they have faced in their natural habitat. |
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1435-9456 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Miyata2011 |
Serial |
6549 |
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