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| Author | Iliopoulos, Y.; Sgardelis, S.; Koutis, V.; Savaris, D. | ||||
| Title | Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
2009 | Publication | Mammal Research | Abbreviated Journal | Mamm. Reas. |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-22 |
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| Abstract | We studied wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 -- livestock conflict in central Greece by investigating patterns of 267 verified wolf attacks on livestock for 21 months. Wolves attacked adult goats 43% and cattle 218% more than expected, whereas sheep 41% less than expected from their availability. Wolves killed less than four sheep or goats in 79%, and one cow or calf in 74% of depredation events, respectively. We recorded higher attack rates during wolf post-weaning season. Wolf attacks on strayed, or kept inside non predator-proof enclosures, sheep and goats, were on average two to four times respectively more destructive than those when livestock was guarded by a shepherd. Sheepdog use reduced losses per attack. Optimal sheepdog number ranged from 3 to 9 animals depending on flock size. Losses per attack were positively related to the number of wolves involved. Total losses per farm were positively correlated with the size of livestock unit but percentage losses per capita increased with decreasing flock size. Management implications to mitigate livestock depredation are discussed. | ||||
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| ISSN | 2199-241x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2009 | Serial | 6576 | ||
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| Author | Ruid, D.B.; Paul, W.J.; Roell, B.J.; Wydeven, A.P.; Willging, R.C.; Jurewicz, R.L.; Lonsway, D.H. | ||||
| Title | Wolf-Human Conflicts and Management in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States: An Endangered Species Success Story | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 279-295 | ||
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| Publisher | Springer New York | Place of Publication | New York, NY | Editor | Wydeven, A.P.; Van Deelen, T.R.; Heske, E.J. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-387-85952-1 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ruid2009 | Serial | 6577 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | McGreevy, P.D.; McLean, A.N. | ||||
| Title | Punishment in horse-training and the concept of ethical equitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 193-197 |
| Keywords | conditioning; welfare; ethical equitation; horse; punishment; training | ||||
| Abstract | By definition, punishment makes a response less likely in the future. Because horses are largely trained by negative reinforcement, they are susceptible to inadvertent punishment. Delays in the release of pressure can make desirable responses less likely and thus punish them. This study examines the correct use of negative reinforcement and identifies a continuum between poorly timed negative reinforcement and punishment. It explores some of the problems of non-contingent punishment and the prospect of learned helplessness and experimental neurosis. It concludes by introducing the concept of ethical equitation. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6599 | ||
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| Author | Niederhöfer, S. | ||||
| Title | Stressbelastung bei Pferden in Abhängigkeit des Haltungssystems | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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| Abstract | Pferdegerechte Haltungssysteme spielen bei der heutigen Nutzung des Freizeit- oder Sportpartners Pferd eine wichtige Rolle, da naturnahe Haltungsbedingungen nur in seltenen Fällen zu realisieren sind. Sämtliche Aufstallungsformen müssen als Kompromiss angesehen werden und bieten somit Vor- und Nachteile. Die vorliegende Untersuchung verfolgte den Zweck, die Stressbelastung von Pferden in verschiedenen Haltungssystemen zu erfassen und vergleichend zu beurteilen. Während der von Mai 2006 bis Juli 2007 durchgeführten Versuche wurden 24 zwei- bis dreijährige Hannoveranerstuten für jeweils 4 Wochen in insgesamt 6 verschiedenen Haltungsformen aufgestallt. Die Haltungsvarianten beinhalteten die Einzelbox (Variante 1), die Einzelbox mit einem frei zugänglichem Paddock (Variante 2), die gemeinsame Haltung von zwei Pferden in zwei Boxen und einem angeschlossenen frei zugänglichem Auslauf (Variante 3) und die Gruppenhaltung von 6 Pferden in einer Mehrraumauslaufhaltung (Variante 4 – 6). Die Haltungsvariante 4 differierte von den Varianten 5 und 6 durch seinen ungegliederten Liegebereich. In den Variante 5 und 6 wurde der Liegebereich der Gruppenhaltung durch eine über die halbe Breite reichende Trennwand in zwei Bereiche unterteilt. Die Trennwand befand sich in Haltungsvariante 5 im rechten Winkel an die Außenwand grenzend, während sie in Variante 6 an der der Stallgasse zugewandten Seite des Liegebereichs aufgestellt wurde. Um eine Vergleichbarkeit mit einem Reitpferd zu schaffen, wurden alle Pferde in allen Haltungssystemen täglich für circa eine Stunde in einer Freilaufanlage bewegt. Die Stressbelastung wurde mittels der Messung der Herzfrequenzvariabilität (Parameter pNN50 und SD1) und der Bestimmung fäkaler Cortisolmetaboliten erfasst. Zusätzlich wurden Videoauswertungen hinsichtlich der Beobachtung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in den Haltungsvarianten 1 und 2 durchgeführt. Die durchschnittlich niedrigste Stressbelastung erfuhren die Pferde durch die Haltungsvarianten 4 (pNN50: 46,32 %, SD1:158,58 ms, Cortisolmetaboliten: 21,01nmol/kg Kot) und 6 (pNN50: 47,1 %, SD1: 144,62 ms, Cortisolmetaboliten: 21,01 nmol/kg Kot). Die 141 Auswertung der pNN50- und Cortisolmetabolitenwerte ergab die größte Stressbelastung der Pferde in den Varianten 1 (pNN50: 42,81 %, SD1: 134,52 ms, Cortisolmetaboliten: 28,56 nmol/kg Kot) und 3 (pNN50: 42,41 %, SD1: 135,36, Cortisolmetaboliten: 28,60 nmol/kg Kot). Die Auswertung der SD1-Werte zeigte zusätzlich noch eine hohe Stressbelastung der Pferde in der Variante 5 (pNN50: 44,83 %, SD1: 119,24 ms, Cortisolmetaboliten: 27,18 nmol/kg Kot). Die Haltungsvariante 2 (pNN50: 45,77 %, SD1: 144,25 ms, Cortisolmetaboliten: 27,59 nmol/kg Kot) beziehungsweise die Varianten 2 und 5 (bei der Betrachtung der pNN50- und der Cortisolmetabolitenwerte) verursachten im Durchschnitt eine mittlere Stressbelastung. Teilweise waren die Unterschiede jedoch zu gering um die Signifikanzgrenze zu überschreiten. Die Betrachtung der einzelnen Pferde und der Pferdegruppen ergab große interindividuelle Unterschiede und deutliche gruppenspezifische Gemeinsamkeiten. Die Position eines Tieres in der Rangordnung hatte in diesen Untersuchungen bei der Betrachtung der Mittelwerte keinen Einfluss auf die Stressbelastung in Abhängigkeit der Haltungsvariante. Vielmehr zeigten sich auch hier deutliche individuelle Unterschiede in der Stressanfälligkeit und den Vorlieben der einzelnen Pferde bezüglich der verschiedenen Haltungssysteme. Die Analyse der Videoaufzeichnungen ergab, dass mehrere Pferde Kreisbewegungen in der Einzelbox ohne Auslauf (Variante 1) zeigten, während in der Variante 2 (Paddockbox) kein Pferd durch Kreisbewegungen auffiel. Andere Verhaltensauffälligkeiten oder gar Verhaltensstörungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Bei der Auswertung der Aufenthaltshäufigkeit und der Aufenthaltesdauer in den 4 Boxenquadranten zeigten sich einige Pferde sehr aktiv, was ein Hinweis auf eventuelle Unruhe oder Nervosität sein kann, während andere Pferde im Vergleich zum Gruppendurchschnitt sehr ruhig wirkten, da sie sich in der Box kaum bewegten und über lange Zeitabschnitte in einem Quadranten standen. Obwohl die Gruppenhaltung für die Mehrzahl der Pferde eine geringere Stressbelastung bedeutete und auch hinsichtlich des Bewegungs- und Sozialverhaltens am artgerechtesten einzustufen ist, sollte für jedes Pferd individuell unter Berücksichtigung seines Alters, seiner Rasse, seines Nutzungsgrades, aber vor allem seines Charakters und seiner Erfahrungen im Sozialverhalten ein passendes großzügig bemessenes Haltungssystem ermittelt werden, um 142 die durch das Haltungssystem ausgeübte Stressbelastung zu minimieren und das Wohlbefinden der Pferde zu steigern. |
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| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover | Place of Publication | Hannover | Editor | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6607 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; Zaibert, V.; Thorpe, N.; Evershed, R.P. | ||||
| Title | The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 323 | Issue | 5919 | Pages | 1332-1335 |
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| Abstract | Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using δ13C and δD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6620 | ||
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| Author | Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. | ||||
| Title | Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2009 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 12 |
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| Abstract | Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 | Serial | 6637 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Adv Study Behav | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 105-165 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 | Serial | 6260 | ||
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| Author | Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G. | ||||
| Title | Concurrent recall of serially learned visual discrimination problems in dwarf goats (Capra hircus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Behav Proc | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Langbein2008 | Serial | 6363 | ||
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| Author | Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. | ||||
| Title | On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Signal Process | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 | Serial | 6466 | ||
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| Author | Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H. | ||||
| Title | Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | Am Nat | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 | Serial | 6485 | ||
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