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Author Van Schaik, C.P.; Isler, K.; Burkart, J.M.
Title (up) Explaining brain size variation: from social to cultural brain Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Trends Ecol Evol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Schaik2012 Serial 6304
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Author Bandini, E.; Tennie C.
Title (up) Exploring the role of individual learning in animal tool-use Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication PeerJ Abbreviated Journal PeerJ
Volume 25 Issue Pages 8:e9877
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Abstract The notion that tool-use is unique to humans has long been refuted by the growing number of observations of animals using tools across various contexts. Yet, the mechanisms behind the emergence and sustenance of these tool-use repertoires are still heavily debated. We argue that the current animal behaviour literature is biased towards a social learning approach, in which animal, and in particular primate, tool-use repertoires are thought to require social learning mechanisms (copying variants of social learning are most often invoked). However, concrete evidence for a widespread dependency on social learning is still lacking. On the other hand, a growing body of observational and experimental data demonstrates that various animal species are capable of acquiring the forms of their tool-use behaviours via individual learning, with (non-copying) social learning regulating the frequencies of the behavioural forms within (and, indirectly, between) groups. As a first outline of the extent of the role of individual learning in animal tool-use, a literature review of reports of the spontaneous acquisition of animal tool-use behaviours was carried out across observational and experimental studies. The results of this review suggest that perhaps due to the pervasive focus on social learning in the literature, accounts of the individual learning of tool-use forms by naïve animals may have been largely overlooked, and their importance under-examined.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6659
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Author Kleiven, J.; Bjerke, T.; Kaltenborn, B.P.
Title (up) Factors influencing the social acceptability of large carnivore behaviours Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Biodivers Conserv Abbreviated Journal
Volume 13 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kleiven2004 Serial 6447
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Author Boissy, A.
Title (up) Fear and Fearfulness in Animals Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication The Quarterly Review of Biology Abbreviated Journal The Quarterly Review of Biology
Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 165-191
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Abstract Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses.
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Publisher The University of Chicago Press Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0033-5770 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1086/418981 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6664
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Author Goetsch, A.L.; Gipson, T.A.; Askar, A.R.; Puchala, R.
Title (up) Feeding behavior of goats Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication J Anim Sci Abbreviated Journal
Volume 88 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Goetsch2010 Serial 6254
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Author Lansade, L.; Colson, V.; Parias, C.; Trösch, M.; Reigner, F.; Calandreau, L.
Title (up) Female horses spontaneously identify a photograph of their keeper, last seen six months previously Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 6302
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Abstract Horses are capable of identifying individual conspecifics based on olfactory, auditory or visual cues. However, this raises the questions of their ability to recognize human beings and on the basis of what cues. This study investigated whether horses could differentiate between a familiar and unfamiliar human from photographs of faces. Eleven horses were trained on a discrimination task using a computer-controlled screen, on which two photographs were presented simultaneously (32 trials/session): touching one was rewarded (S+) and the other not (S-). In the training phase, the S+ faces were of four unfamiliar people which gradually became familiar over the trials. The S- faces were novel for each trial. After the training phase, the faces of the horses' keepers were presented opposite novel faces to test whether the horses could identify the former spontaneously. A reward was given whichever face was touched to avoid any possible learning effect. Horses touched the faces of keepers significantly more than chance, whether it was their current keeper or one they had not seen for six months (t = 3.65; p < 0.004 and t = 6.24; p < 0.0001). Overall, these results show that horses have advanced human face-recognition abilities and a long-term memory of those human faces.
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ISSN 2045-2322 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Lansade2020 Serial 6623
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Author O'Brien, P.H.
Title (up) Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis Type Journal Article
Year 1988 Publication Appl Anim Behav Sci Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ O'Brien1988 Serial 6270
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Author Bates, D.
Title (up) Fitting linear mixed models in R Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication R News Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bates2005 Serial 6293
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Author Baker, P.J.; Funk, S.M.; Harris, S.; White, P.C.L.
Title (up) Flexible spatial organization of urban foxes, Vulpes vulpes, before and during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 127-146
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Abstract The social and spatial organization of urban fox groups prior to and during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange was compared with predictions derived from the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). We investigated the availability of three key resources. Neither daytime rest sites nor breeding sites appeared to be limited in availability. The availability of food deliberately supplied by local householders was examined by questionnaire surveys. The daily and weekly amount of food supplied was greatly in excess of the minimum requirements of a pair of foxes, but was consistent between territories. The availability of this food source increased markedly as a result of more people feeding the foxes. In agreement with the RDH, group size prior to the outbreak of mange increased from 2.25 animals (N=4) to 6.57 animals (N=7). Before the outbreak of mange, two territories were divided. Increased scavenge availability on smaller territories may have promoted these changes. Excluding these spatial changes, territories were very stable between years. After the outbreak of mange, group size declined as a direct result of mange-induced mortality. Surviving animals increased their ranges only after neighbouring groups had died out. Ranges did not increase in size in response to a decline in food availability. Nor were the increases in range size associated with the relinquishment of parts of the existing territory. These postmange changes are contrary to the RDH. Three factors may have promoted these changes: the elimination of interstitial space, the forced dispersal of young or future division of the territory.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6431
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Author Rosati, A.G.
Title (up) Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 691-702
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Abstract What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology.
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6586
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