| Records |
| Author |
Veen, P.; Jefferson, R.; de Smidt, J.; van der Straaten, J. |
| Title |
Grasslands in Europe of high nature value |
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| Year |
2009 |
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Brill |
Place of Publication  |
The Netherlands |
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9789050113168 9050113168 9789004278103 9004278109 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 6066883015 |
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6561 |
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| Author |
Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. |
| Title |
Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner |
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| Year |
1997 |
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Enke |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6542 |
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| Author |
Nissen, J. |
| Title |
Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen |
Type |
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| Year |
1998 |
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Kosmos |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6543 |
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| Author |
Lagos, L. |
| Title |
Ecología del lobo (Canis lupus), del poni salvaje (Equus ferus atlanticus) y del ganado vacuno semiextensivo (Bos taurus) en Galicia: interacciones depredador-presa. |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phd thesis |
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Issue |
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Pages |
458 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Universidad de Santiago de Compostela |
Place of Publication |
Santiago de Compostela |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6678 |
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| Author |
Marinsek, N.L.; Gazzaniga, M.S.; Miller, M.B. |
| Title |
Chapter 17 – Split-Brain, Split-Mind |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Neurology of Conciousness (Second Edition) |
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Pages |
271-279 |
| Keywords |
Split-brain; consciousness; lateralization; modular; left hemisphere interpreter |
| Abstract |
The corpus callosum anatomically and functionally connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Despite its important role in interhemispheric communication however, severing the corpus callosum produces few--if any--noticeable cognitive or behavioral abnormalities. Incredibly, split-brain patients do not report any drastic changes in their conscious experience even though nearly all interhemispheric communication ceases after surgery. Extensive research has shown that both hemispheres remain conscious following disconnection and the conscious experience of each hemisphere is private and independent of the other. Additionally, the conscious experiences of the hemispheres appear to be qualitatively different, such that the consciousness of the left hemisphere is more enriched than the right. In this chapter, we offer explanations as to why split-brain patients feel unified despite possessing dual conscious experiences and discuss how the divided consciousness of split-brain patients can inform current theories of consciousness. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
Editor |
Laureys, S.; Gosseries, O.; Tononi, G. |
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978-0-12-800948-2 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6648 |
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| Author |
Wolter, R. |
| Title |
The behaviour and managementof Przewalski’shorsesin semi-reserves |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phd thesis |
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In recent years, Przewalski’s horses have been increasingly kept in semi-reserves. However,there areonly few studies ontheir behaviour and their ability to adaptto management interventions.In the main part of my dissertation, I focus on investigatingthe animals’ behaviour in different semi-reserves with varyinghabitats and living spaces. In addition, I investigate the horses’ behaviour during various management interventionsand analysetheensuing changes instress levels. Another aspect of my dissertation is the studyof social behaviour inPrzewalski’s horses. I investigate theparameters that should be used to demonstrate social bonds between individualsandassess whichdata provide the most meaningful results.In the commentary tochapter 1,several studies investigatingsocial bonds in horsesare discussed. Comparing the various studies, it is strikingthat no homogeneous analyses orevaluation criteria exist. While some authors only considersocial grooming, others include data onthe spatial proximity of the individuals in their evaluations, and various definitionsof proximity can also be found in the literature. Additionally, someauthors use friendly approaches between individuals asa furtherparameter wheninvestigating the social bonds.Continuing with this theme, in chapter 2I investigate the social behaviour of the horses and compare various analysis methods. I show that proactive behaviour, such as friendly approaches, is a good alternative to spatial proximity when investigating social bonds between group members, andis also useful for expanding the often very small data sets of mutual grooming in horses. Comparing Przewalski’s horses with wild living horses, I found no significant differences in the social behavior and the frequency of social interactions, regardlessof group size, group composition, habitat, and individual parameters such as age and gender.Inchapter 3,I investigate the behaviour of a Przewalski’s horse group when exploring a new area of their enclosure. Their behaviour changed, showing less resting and more feeding. Furthermore, the animals maintained greater distances from each other, and the alpha male, instead of herding the group from behind, led the group around the new area and walked in front of the other group members. Moreover, he showed a substantial increase in stress level during the first day.A general comparison of the behaviour of the Przewalski’s horses in different semi-reserves is provided in chapter 4. In it, the habitat choice of the animals and their reactions to various management interventions are investigated. It is shown that Przewalski’s horses prefer open grassland to dense woods, although keeping Przewalski’s horses in a pine forest does not influence the animals’ stress level. In contrast to habitat, food range, and changes in the group composition, which do not appear to change stress levels, individual factors, such as the hierarchy, influence the glucocorticoid level of the animals significantly. The largest increases in stress hormones were demonstrated when the horses were temporarily confined in smaller areas.The importance of the available space is also discussed in chapter 5, where it is shown that horses show less aggressive behaviour when more space is provided. In contrast, the husbandry system does not influence the animals’ aggression, but the way of feeding can additionally reduce agonistic behaviour, for example if food is offered ad libitum.In summary, the results of this study provide indications for the optimization of keeping Przewalski’s horses in semi-reserves. The animals can adapt themselves to the environment and thrive in habitats which do not correspond to their original steppe-like home. Nevertheless, the semi-reserves should provide sufficient grassland, as the horses prefer this type of habitat. General speaking, any types of habitat can only offer a suitable living space if the food range is sufficient for the number of horses. Otherwise, and especially during could winter months, supplementary feeding is necessary according to the body condition of the animals. This is particularly important for older, weakened, or very young animals, which are still adapting to life in the semi-reserve. Without sufficient food, stress hormones can increase and negatively influence the well-being of the horses. The same is true for management interventions: restricting the animals to small enclosures, for example, can adversely affect the horses’ well-being and should be only done if absolutely necessary. Targetedbehaviour observations allow the animals that have a special meaning for the group to be identified, and these should not be taken out of the group unless it is unavoidable, as young and unexperienced horses orientate themselves on those animals. This is especially true for the alpha male in a bachelor group, as these groups are often composed of young horses and the alpha-male provides the necessary stability and experience. Social bonds between individuals can be investigated by observing friendly and proactive behaviour, and social grooming and friendly approaches yield suitable data for such analysis. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
| Publisher |
University Regensburg |
Place of Publication |
Regensburg |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6639 |
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| Author |
Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. |
| Title |
Animal Innovation |
Type |
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| Year |
2009 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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978-0-19-852622 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6381 |
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| Author |
Reader, S. M.; Laland, K.N. |
| Title |
Animal Innovation |
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2003 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6531 |
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| Author |
Sol, D. |
| Title |
Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal innovation. |
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Pages |
63-82 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6532 |
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| Author |
Lee, P.C. |
| Title |
Innovation as a behavioural response to environmental challenges |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Pages |
261-279 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6534 |
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