| Records |
| Author |
Rutberg, A.T. |
| Title |
Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue  |
2 |
Pages |
145-154 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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| ISSN |
0179-1613 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6417 |
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| Author |
Kusunose, R.; Yamanobe, A. |
| Title |
The effect of training schedule on learned tasks in yearling horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
225-233 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Twelve yearlings were divided into two groups and subjected to two different training schedules: (a) 30min of training daily (the daily trained group); and (b) 30min of training for 4 days, followed by a 3-day rest (the intermittently trained group), in order to compare the effect of two training methods on the ability of the horses to learn to be driven and ridden and to respond to the handlers? cues. The length of this experimental training was 17 days. The first step of training was surcingling and proceeded to lunging, to driving from the ground, and finally to being ridden at a trot on a track. Both groups were tested four times during the experimental period when they were at the same stage of training. They were driven and then ridden at a walk by a rider on a specified course and evaluated. The time to complete the course, accuracy of traveling the course, and heart rate during the test were used as the indicators of success in training. In three out of the four tests, the daily trained group tended to move faster and with more accuracy than the intermittently trained group. It would appear that daily training without a long interruption is more effective for yearlings. |
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Elsevier |
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0168-1591 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00089-8 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6382 |
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| Author |
Passilongo, D.; Marchetto, M.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
Singing in a wolf chorus: structure and complexity of a multicomponent acoustic behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hysterix |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
180-185 |
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| Abstract |
Wolf choruses ( Canis lupus ) are complex, multicomponent signals, composed by a series of different vocalizations emitted by a pack. Although howls, the main component, have been highly studied, poor attention has been drawn upon the other vocalizations of the chorus. In this study, we investigate the structure of the chorus by means of the analysis and the quantification of the different components, taking advantage both of the digital sound recording and analysis, and of the modern statistical methodologies. We provide for the first time a detailed, objective description of the types of call emitted during the wolf howlings, combining spectrographic examinations, spectral analyses and automated classifications, with the aim to identify different types of call. Our results show that wolf choruses have a rich, complex structure, that reveals six other types of call, to be added to those howls already described in literature. Wolf choruses are typically composed by other three different types of calls: the bark, i.e. relatively long calls characterized by low frequencies and the presence of harsh components (deterministic chaos); the whimper, characterized by a harmonic structure and a very short duration; and the growl, a call with a noisy structure, low frequencies but relative long duration. Although further investigations are necessary to understand the meaning of the different calls, this research provides a basis for those studies that aim to compare wolves and other canids vocal behaviour. |
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| ISSN |
0394-1914 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2017 |
Serial |
6441 |
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| Author |
Maury, M.; Murphy, K.; Kumar, S.; Mauerer, A.; Lee, G. |
| Title |
Spray-drying of proteins: effects of sorbitol and trehalose on aggregation and FT-IR amide I spectrum of an immunoglobulin G |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
251-261 |
| Keywords |
Immunoglobulin; Spray-drying; Stabilization; Sorbitol; Trehalose; Water replacement |
| Abstract |
An immunoglobulin G (IgG) was spray-dried on a Büchi 190 laboratory spray-dryer at inlet and outlet air temperatures of 130 and 190°C, respectively. The IgG solution contains initially 115mg/ml IgG plus 50mg/ml sorbitol. After dialysis, at least 80% of low molecular weight component was removed. After spray-drying the dialyzed IgG and immediate redissolution of the powder, an increase in aggregates from 1 to 17% occurred. A major shift towards increase β-sheet structure was detected in the spray-dried solid, which, however, reverted to native structure on redissolution of the powder. A correlation between aggregation determined by size exclusion chromatography and alterations in secondary structure determined by Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy could not therefore be established. On spray-drying a non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing IgG only some 0.7% aggregates were formed. The sorbitol is therefore evidently able to stabilize partially the IgG during the process of spray-drying. Addition of trehalose to the liquid feed produced quantitatively the same stabilizing action on the IgG during spray-drying as did the sorbitol. This finding again points towards a water replacement stabilization mechanism. The IgG spray-dried powder prepared from the dialyzed liquid feed showed continued substantial aggregation on dry storage at 25°C. This was substantially less in the non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing spray-dried powder. Addition of trehalose to both dialyzed and non-dialyzed system produced substantial improvement in storage stability and reduction in aggregate formation in storage. The quantitative stabilizing effect of the trehalose was only slightly higher than that of the sorbitol. Taken together, these results indicate that both the sorbitol and trehalose stabilize the IgG primarily by a water replacement mechanism rather than by glassy immobilization. The relevance of this work is its questioning of the importance of the usually considered dominance of glassy stabilization of protein in dried systems of high glass transition temperature, such as trehalose. The low glass transition temperature sorbitol produces almost equal process and storage stability in this case. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0939-6411 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6515 |
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| Author |
Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. |
| Title |
Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Comp. Psychol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
223-240 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6526 |
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| Author |
Burke, C.; Rashman, M.; Wich, S.; Symons, A.; Theron, C.; Longmore, S. |
| Title |
Optimizing observing strategies for monitoring animals using drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
439-467 |
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| Abstract |
ABSTRACTThe proliferation of relatively affordable off-the-shelf drones offers great opportunities for wildlife monitoring and conservation. Similarly the recent reduction in the cost of thermal infrared cameras also offers new promise in this field, as they have the advantage over conventional RGB cameras of being able to distinguish animals based on their body heat and being able to detect animals at night. However, the use of drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras comes with several technical challenges. In this article, we address some of these issues, namely thermal contrast problems due to heat from the ground, absorption and emission of thermal infrared radiation by the atmosphere, obscuration by vegetation, and optimizing the flying height of drones for a best balance between covering a large area and being able to accurately image and identify animals of interest. We demonstrate the application of these methods with a case study using field data and make the first ever detection of the critically endangered riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis) in thermal infrared data. We provide a web-tool so that the community can easily apply these techniques to other studies (http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/aricburk/uav_calc/). |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0143-1161 |
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doi: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1558372 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6528 |
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| Author |
Bateson, P. |
| Title |
Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Animal Behavior and Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. Cogn. |
| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
99-112 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6553 |
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| Author |
Schwartz, L.P.; Silberberg, A.; Casey, A.H.; Kearns, D.N.; Slotnick, B. |
| Title |
Does a rat release a soaked conspecific due to empathy? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-308 |
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| Abstract |
In Experiment 1, rats choosing in an E maze preferred to release a rat standing in a pool of water to dry ground over a rat already standing on dry ground. Five additional experiments showed that the choosing rat's preference for releasing the wet rat was maintained by two separable outcomes: (1) the social contact offered by the released rat and (2) the reinforcing value of proximity to a pool of water. These results call into question Sato et al.'s (Anim Cogn 18:1039-1047, 2015) claim to have demonstrated that a rat's releasing of a wet rat to dry ground is empathically motivated. |
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1435-9456 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Schwartz2017 |
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6559 |
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| Author |
Galef, B.G. |
| Title |
Enduring social enhancement of rats' preferences for the palatable and the piquant |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Appetite |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appetite |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
81-92 |
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| Abstract |
In three experiments on the social induction of food preferences in rats, I found: (a) that eight 30-min exposures of a naive “observer” rat to a “demonstrator” rat fed one of two approximately equipalatable diets produced observer preference for the diet fed to its demonstrator that lasted for more than a month, (b) that simple exposure of naive subjects to a diet itself, rather than to a rat that had eaten a diet, was not sufficient to enhance preference for that diet, and (c) that lasting preference for an unpalatable, piquant diet could also be established by exposing naive rats to demonstrators that had eaten the piquant diet, but not by simply exposure to the piquant diet itself. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by both Birch and Rozin that social-affective contexts are important in establishing stable, learned preferences for foods. |
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0195-6663 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6567 |
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| Author |
Jørgensen, G.H.M.; Liestøl, S.H.-O.; Bøe, K.E. |
| Title |
Effects of enrichment items on activity and social interactions in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
129 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
100-110 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Activity; Behaviour; Item; Enrichment; Social interactions |
| Abstract |
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of items intended to provide enrichment during turnout, both for individual and group kept horses in an attempt to reduce the amount of passive behaviours. The study was divided into two parts, where study 1 involved eight horses rotated through eight individual paddocks, each containing one of seven enrichment items and one paddock being kept without item, functioning as a control. The horses' item-directed behaviours; passive behaviours or other non-item related activities were scored using instantaneous sampling, every minute for 1h at the beginning and the end of the turnout period. Study 2 involved six horse groups (3-6 horses) and the same scoring methods and ethogram as in study 1. The four items that the horses interacted the most with during study 1 (straw STRA, ball filled with concentrates CBALL, branches BRAN and scratching pole POLE) are investigated in study 2. In addition, the amount of social interactions was recorded. Both horses kept individually (P<0.05) and in groups (P<0.0001) performed significantly more item-directed behaviours towards edible items like STRA and CBALL than other objects. There was, however, no overall relation between the numbers of item-directed behaviours and the number of passive behaviours observed, indicating that the enrichment items did not alone reduce the amount of passive behaviours during turnout periods. Such a reduction was, however, only apparent when horses spent more time eating green leaves growing on the paddock surface (R=-0.97 study 1, R=-0.67 study 2, P<0.0001). Access to STRA in group kept horses also seemed to reduce the amount of agonistic behaviours (P<0.0001). In conclusion, if grass is not available in paddocks, the provision of roughage reduces the amount of passive behaviours in singly kept horses and it also reduces the risk of agonistic interactions between horses kept in group. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6604 |
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