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| Author | López-Bao, J.V.; Sazatornil, V.; Llaneza, L.; Rodríguez, A. | ||||
| Title | Indirect Effects on Heathland Conservation and Wolf Persistence of Contradictory Policies that Threaten Traditional Free-Ranging Horse Husbandry | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Conservation Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Conservation Letters |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 448-455 |
| Keywords | Farmland biodiversity; heathlands; integration of environmental policies; management of livestock carcasses; traditional land uses; wolf conservation | ||||
| Abstract | Conservation agencies within the European Union promote the restoration of traditional land uses as a cost-effective way to preserve biodiversity outside reserves. Although the European Union pursues the integration of the environment into strategic decision-making, it also dictates sectoral policies that may damage farmland biodiversity. We illustrate this point by outlining the socioeconomic factors that allow the persistence of traditional free-ranging horse husbandry in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Free-ranging Galician mountain ponies provide ecological and socioeconomic services including the prevention of forest fires, the maintenance of heathlands and wolves, and the attenuation of wolf-human conflicts. This traditional livestock system may have persisted because it entails negligible costs for farmers. Wolf predation upon Galician mountain ponies does not threaten farmer's economies and seems to be tolerated better than attacks to more valuable stock. Recently, European Union's regulations on animal welfare, carcass management, or meat production put new economic and administrative burdens on farmers, make free-ranging horse rearing economically unsustainable, and incentivize its abandonment. The aim of the European Union to integrate environmental policies may be successful to preserve farmland biodiversity only through careful anticipation of the side effects of apparently unrelated regulations on the fragile equilibrium that sustain traditional land uses. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1755-263x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6211 | ||
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| Author | Petersen, J.L.; Mickelson, J.R.; Cothran, E.G.; Andersson, L.S.; Axelsson, J.; Bailey, E.; Bannasch, D.; Binns, M.M.; Borges, A.S.; Brama, P.; da Câmara Machado, A.; Distl, O.; Felicetti, M.; Fox-Clipsham, L.; Graves, K.T.; Guérin, G.; Haase, B.; Hasegawa, T.; Hemmann, K.; Hill, E.W.; Leeb, T.; Lindgren, G.; Lohi, H.; Lopes, M.S.; McGivney, B.A.; Mikko, S.; Orr, N.; Penedo, M.C.T.; Piercy, R.J.; Raekallio, M.; Rieder, S.; Røed, K.H.; Silvestrelli, M.; Swinburne, J.; Tozaki, T.; Vaudin, M.; M. Wade, C.; McCue, M.E. | ||||
| Title | Genetic Diversity in the Modern Horse Illustrated from Genome-Wide SNP Data | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | e54997 |
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| Abstract | Horses were domesticated from the Eurasian steppes 5,000-6,000 years ago. Since then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desired traits and fitness, has resulted in diverse populations distributed across the world, many of which have become or are in the process of becoming formally organized into closed, breeding populations (breeds). This report describes the use of a genome-wide set of autosomal SNPs and 814 horses from 36 breeds to provide the first detailed description of equine breed diversity. FST calculations, parsimony, and distance analysis demonstrated relationships among the breeds that largely reflect geographic origins and known breed histories. Low levels of population divergence were observed between breeds that are relatively early on in the process of breed development, and between those with high levels of within-breed diversity, whether due to large population size, ongoing outcrossing, or large within-breed phenotypic diversity. Populations with low within-breed diversity included those which have experienced population bottlenecks, have been under intense selective pressure, or are closed populations with long breed histories. These results provide new insights into the relationships among and the diversity within breeds of horses. In addition these results will facilitate future genome-wide association studies and investigations into genomic targets of selection. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6214 | ||
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| Author | Pirault, P.; Danvy, S.; Verrier, E.; Leroy, G. | ||||
| Title | Genetic Structure and Gene Flows within Horses: A Genealogical Study at the French Population Scale | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 4 | Pages | e61544 |
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| Abstract | Since horse breeds constitute populations submitted to variable and multiple outcrossing events, we analyzed the genetic structure and gene flows considering horses raised in France. We used genealogical data, with a reference population of 547,620 horses born in France between 2002 and 2011, grouped according to 55 breed origins. On average, individuals had 6.3 equivalent generations known. Considering different population levels, fixation index decreased from an overall species FIT of 1.37%, to an average of -0.07% when considering the 55 origins, showing that most horse breeds constitute populations without genetic structure. We illustrate the complexity of gene flows existing among horse breeds, a few populations being closed to foreign influence, most, however, being submitted to various levels of introgression. In particular, Thoroughbred and Arab breeds are largely used as introgression sources, since those two populations explain together 26% of founder origins within the overall horse population. When compared with molecular data, breeds with a small level of coancestry also showed low genetic distance; the gene pool of the breeds was probably impacted by their reproducer exchanges. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6215 | ||
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| Author | Krange, O.; Skogen, K. | ||||
| Title | When the lads go hunting: The 'Hammertown mechanism' and the conflict over wolves in Norway | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Ethnography | Abbreviated Journal | Ethnography |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 466-489 |
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| Abstract | Rural communities are changing. Depopulation and unemployment is accompanied by the advance of new perspectives on nature, where protection trumps resource extraction. These developments are perceived as threatening by rural working-class people with close ties to traditional land use ? a situation they often meet with cultural resistance. Cultural resistance is not necessarily launched against institutionalized power, nor does it necessarily imply a desire for fundamental social change. It should rather be seen as a struggle for autonomy. However, autonomy does not entail influence outside the cultural realm. Struggles to uphold traditional rural lifestyles ? for example by denouncing the current nature conservation regime ? could be understood in much the same conceptual framework as Willis employed in ?Learning to labour?. Based on an ethnographic study of the conflicts over wolf protection, we demonstrate that ?the Hammertown mechanism? is of a more general nature than often implied in the discussion of Willis? work. | ||||
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| Publisher | SAGE Publications | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1466-1381 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1177/1466138110397227 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6425 | ||
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| Author | Zebisch, A.; May, A.; Reese, S.; Gehlen, H. | ||||
| Title | Effect of different head-neck positions on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition | Abbreviated Journal | J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 901-907 |
| Keywords | hyperflexion; head-neck position; stress; training; animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Different head?neck positions (HNPs) are used in equestrian sports and are regarded as desirable for training and competition by riders, judges and trainers. Even though some studies have been indicative of hyperflexion having negative effects on horses, this unnatural position is frequently used. In the present study, the influence of different HNPs on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse was investigated. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood cortisol levels were measured in 18 horses. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) are power components in the frequency domain measurement of HRV which show the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Values were recorded at rest, while riding with a working HNP and while riding with hyperflexion of the horse's head, neck and poll. In addition, rideability and behaviour during the different investigation stages were evaluated by the rider and by an observer. Neither the HR nor the HRV showed a significant difference between working HNP (HR = 105 ± 22/min; LF/HF = 3.89 ± 5.68; LF = 37.28 ± 10.77%) and hyperflexion (HR = 110 ± 18; LF/HF = 1.94 ± 2.21; LF = 38.39 ± 13.01%). Blood cortisol levels revealed a significant increase comparing working HNP (158 ± 60 nm) and hyperflexion (176 ± 64 nm, p = 0.01). The evaluation of rider and observer resulted in clear changes of rideability and behavioural changes for the worse in all parameters collected between a working HNP and hyperflexion. In conclusion, changes of the cortisol blood level as a physical parameter led to the assumption that hyperflexion of head, neck and poll effects a stress reaction in the horse, and observation of the behaviour illustrates adverse effects on the well-being of horses during hyperflexion. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0931-2439 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1111/jpn.12155 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6427 | ||
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| Author | John, E.R.; Chesler, P.; Bartlett, F.; Victor, I. | ||||
| Title | Observation Learning in Cats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1968 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 159 | Issue | 3822 | Pages | 1489-1491 |
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| Abstract | In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6422 | ||
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| Author | Beery, A.K.; Kaufer, D. | ||||
| Title | Stress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Neurobiology of Stress | Abbreviated Journal | Neurobiol. Stress |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Stress Resilience | Pages | 116-127 |
| Keywords | Stress; Anxiety; Social behavior; Sociality; Social stress; Social buffering | ||||
| Abstract | The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined. The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be potent stressors; they can buffer the response to an external stressor; and social behavior often changes in response to stressful life experience. This review explores mechanistic and behavioral links between stress, anxiety, resilience, and social behavior in rodents, with particular attention to different social contexts. We consider variation between several different rodent species and make connections to research on humans and non-human primates. | ||||
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| ISSN | 2352-2895 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6413 | ||
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| Author | Sackman, J.E.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Equine Personality: Association with Breed, Use and Husbandry Factors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Horse; Personality; Behavior; Breed; Use; Survey | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Temperament can be defined as innate properties of the nervous system whereas personality includes the complex behavioral traits acquired through life. Association between personality and behavior is important for breeding, selection, and training of horses. For the first time, we evaluated if equine personality components previously identified in Japan and Europe were consistent when applied to American horses. We examined the association of personality with breed, age, sex, management, training, stereotypies and misbehaviors. Materials and Methods The owner directed personality survey consisted of 25 questions. An online version of the survey was created. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to associate behavioral traits with personality components. Factor analysis with orthogonal transformation was performed on scores for personality related questions. Results 847 survey responses were used. Quarter horses, “other” breed and Thoroughbred were the most common breeds. Three principal personality components were extracted as each behavioral trait belonged to one of these three components. Arabians, Thoroughbreds, Saddlebreds and Walking horses were the most nervous and Quarter horses, Paints, Appaloosas and Drafts were the least nervous. No trained discipline was significantly associated with any personality component. There were no significant associations between stereotypies and misbehaviors and nervous or curious personality. Conclusions For the first time in predominantly American horses, we have evaluated personality components and their association with breed, age, sex, training discipline and stereotypies. We refute links between personality and trained discipline and confirm the lack of association between nervous personality and stereotypies and misbehaviors. |
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| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6426 | ||
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| Author | Dalla Costa, E.; Dai, F.; Lebelt, D.; Scholz, P.; Barbieri, S.; Canali, E.; Zanella, A.J.; Minero, M. | ||||
| Title | Welfare assessment of horses: the AWIN approach | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Welf. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 481-488 |
| Keywords | Animal-Based; Measure; Indicator; Animal Welfare; Horse; On-Farm | ||||
| Abstract | The EU-funded Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) research project (2011-2015) aimed to improve animal welfare through the development of practical on-farm animal welfare assessment protocols. The present study describes the application of the AWIN approach to the development of a welfare assessment protocol for horses (Equus caballus). Its development required the following steps: (i) selection of potential welfare indicators; (ii) bridging gaps in knowledge; (iii) consulting stakeholders; and (iv) testing a prototype protocol on-farm. Compared to existing welfare assessment protocols for other species, the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses introduces a number of innovative aspects, such as implementation of a two-level strategy focused on improving on-farm feasibility and the use of electronic tools to achieve standardised data collection and so promote rapid outcomes. Further refinement to the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses is needed in order to firstly gather data from a larger reference population and, secondly, enhance the welfare assessment protocol with reference to different horse housing and husbandry conditions. | ||||
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6406 | ||
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| Author | Sato, S. | ||||
| Title | Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 25-32 |
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| Abstract | Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6407 | ||
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