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Author Dunbar, R.I.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The social brain hypothesis and its implications for social evolution Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Annals of Human Biology Abbreviated Journal Annals of Human Biology  
  Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 562-572  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The social brain hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the fact that primates have unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates: Primates evolved large brains to manage their unusually complex social systems. Although this proposal has been generalized to all vertebrate taxa as an explanation for brain evolution, recent analyses suggest that the social brain hypothesis takes a very different form in other mammals and birds than it does in anthropoid primates. In primates, there is a quantitative relationship between brain size and social group size (group size is a monotonic function of brain size), presumably because the cognitive demands of sociality place a constraint on the number of individuals that can be maintained in a coherent group. In other mammals and birds, the relationship is a qualitative one: Large brains are associated with categorical differences in mating system, with species that have pairbonded mating systems having the largest brains. It seems that anthropoid primates may have generalized the bonding processes that characterize monogamous pairbonds to other non-reproductive relationships (?friendships?), thereby giving rise to the quantitative relationship between group size and brain size that we find in this taxon. This raises issues about why bonded relationships are cognitively so demanding (and, indeed, raises questions about what a bonded relationship actually is), and when and why primates undertook this change in social style.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Taylor & Francis Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-4460 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1080/03014460902960289 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6546  
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Author Greenberg, R. openurl 
  Title The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds Type Book Chapter
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6547  
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Author Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K. openurl 
  Title Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity Type Book Chapter
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 83-116  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6548  
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Author Harlow, H.F. url  openurl
  Title Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1950 Publication Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Physiol Psychol  
  Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 289-294  
  Keywords Animals; *Haplorhini; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology; *Satiation; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology  
  Abstract Two rhesus monkeys, given 60 two-hour sessions with a six-device mechanical puzzle showed clear evidence of learning, the curve showing ratio of incorrect to correct responses appearing quite comparable to similar curves obtained during externally rewarded situations. When, on the thirteenth day of tests, the subjects were presented with the puzzle 100 times at 6-minute intervals, the number of devices manipulated decreased regularly throughout the day, although there was no significant change in the number of times the problem assembly was attacked.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15436888 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6550  
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Author Hagen, K.; Broom, D.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Emotional reactions to learning in cattle Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 85 Issue 3 Pages 203-213  
  Keywords Cattle; Expressive behaviour; Operant learning; Reinforcer  
  Abstract It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 7-12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6551  
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Author Preiszner, B.; Vincze, E.; Seress, G.; Papp, S.; Bókony, V.; Liker, A.; Lendvai, Á.Z.; Patras, L.; Pap, P.L.; Vágási, C.I.; Németh, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Necessity or capacity? Physiological state predicts problem-solving performance in house sparrows Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 124-135  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Innovative behaviors such as exploiting novel food sources can grant significant fitness benefits for animals, yet little is known about the mechanisms driving such phenomena, and the role of physiology is virtually unexplored in wild species. Two hypotheses predict opposing effects of physiological state on innovation success. On one hand, poor physiological condition may promote innovations by forcing individuals with poor competitive abilities to invent alternative solutions. On the other hand, superior physiological condition may ensure greater cognitive capacity and thereby better problem-solving and learning performance. To test these hypotheses, we studied the behavior of wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in 4 novel tasks of food acquisition, one of which was presented to the birds in repeated trials, and we investigated the relationships of individual performance with relevant physiological traits. We found that problem-solving performance across the 4 tasks was moderately consistent within individuals. Birds with lower integrated levels of corticosterone, the main avian stress hormone, solved the most difficult task faster and were more efficient learners in the repeated task than birds with higher corticosterone levels. Birds with higher concentration of total glutathione, a key antioxidant, solved 2 relatively easy tasks faster, whereas birds with fewer coccidian parasites tended to solve the difficult task more quickly. Our results, thus, indicate that aspects of physiological state influence problem-solving performance in a context-dependent manner, and these effects on problem-solving capacity, probably including cognitive abilities, are more likely to drive individual innovation success than necessity due to poor condition.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1045-2249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6552  
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Author Bateson, P. doi  openurl
  Title Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Animal Behavior and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav. Cogn.  
  Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 99-112  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6553  
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Author Birch, H.G. url  openurl
  Title The relation of previous experience to insightful problem-solving Type Journal Article
  Year 1945 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Psychol  
  Volume 38 Issue Pages 367-383  
  Keywords Humans; *Problem Solving; *Psychology, Comparative; *PSYCHOLOGY/comparative  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:21010765 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6554  
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Author Thornton Alex; Lukas Dieter url  doi
openurl 
  Title Individual variation in cognitive performance: developmental and evolutionary perspectives Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci  
  Volume 367 Issue 1603 Pages 2773-2783  
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  Publisher Royal Society Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0214 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6555  
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Author Griffin, A.S.; Guez, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Innovation and problem solving: A review of common mechanisms Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 109 Issue Pages 121-134  
  Keywords Behavioural flexibility; Cognition; Innovation; Problem solving  
  Abstract Behavioural innovations have become central to our thinking about how animals adjust to changing environments. It is now well established that animals vary in their ability to innovate, but understanding why remains a challenge. This is because innovations are rare, so studying innovation requires alternative experimental assays that create opportunities for animals to express their ability to invent new behaviours, or use pre-existing ones in new contexts. Problem solving of extractive foraging tasks has been put forward as a suitable experimental assay. We review the rapidly expanding literature on problem solving of extractive foraging tasks in order to better understand to what extent the processes underpinning problem solving, and the factors influencing problem solving, are in line with those predicted, and found, to underpin and influence innovation in the wild. Our aim is to determine whether problem solving can be used as an experimental proxy of innovation. We find that in most respects, problem solving is determined by the same underpinning mechanisms, and is influenced by the same factors, as those predicted to underpin, and to influence, innovation. We conclude that problem solving is a valid experimental assay for studying innovation, propose a conceptual model of problem solving in which motor diversity plays a more central role than has been considered to date, and provide recommendations for future research using problem solving to investigate innovation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cognition in the wild.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6556  
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