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Zohary, D.; Tchernov, E.; Horwitz, L.K. | ||||
| Title | The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 245 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zohary1998 | Serial | 6240 | ||
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| Author |
Zlatanova, D.; Ahmed, A.; Valasseva, A.; Genov, P. | ||||
| Title | Adaptive Diet Strategy of the Wolf (Canis lupus L.) in Europe: a Review | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA | Abbreviated Journal | Acta zool. bulg. |
| Volume | 66 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 439-452 |
| Keywords | Wolf, Canis lupus, prey, adaptive strategy | ||||
| Abstract | The diet strategy of the wolf in Europe is reviewed on the basis of 74 basic and 14 additional literature sources. The comparative analysis reveals clear dependence on the latitude (and, therefore, on the changing environmental conditions) correlated with the wild ungulate abundance and diversity. Following a geographic pattern, the wolf is specialised on different species of ungulates: moose and reindeer in Scandinavia, red deer in Central and Eastern Europe and wild boar in Southern Europe. Where this large prey is taken, the roe deer is hunted with almost the same frequency in every region. The wolf diet in Europe shows two ecological adaptations formed by a complex of variables: 1. Wolves living in natural habitats with abundance of wild ungulates feed mainly on wild prey. 2. In highly anthropogenic habitats, with low abundance of wild prey, wolves feed on livestock (where husbandry of domestic animals is available) and take also a lot of plant food, smaller prey (hares and rodents) and garbage food. The frequency of occurrence of wild ungulates in the diet of wolves in North Europe varies from 54.0% in Belarus to 132.7% in Poland, while that of livestock is in the range from 0.4% in Norway to 74.9% in Belarus. In South Europe, the frequency of occurrence of wild prey varies from 0% in Italy and Spain to 136.0% in Italy, while of domestic ungulates ranges between 0% and 100% in Spain. The low density or lack of wild prey triggers the switch of the wolf diet to livestock, plant food (32.2-85% in Italy) or even garbage (up to 41.5% in Italy). |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6388 | ||
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| Author |
Zhang, Y.; Cao, Q.S.; Rubenstein, D.I.; Zang, S.; Songer, M.; Leimgruber, P.; Chu, H.; Cao, J.; Li, K.; Hu, D. | ||||
| Title | Water Use Patterns of Sympatric Przewalski's Horse and Khulan: Interspecific Comparison Reveals Niche Differences | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 7 | Pages | e0132094 |
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| Abstract | Acquiring water is essential for all animals, but doing so is most challenging for desert-living animals. Recently Przewalski's horse has been reintroduced to the desert area in China where the last wild surviving member of the species was seen before it vanished from China in the1960s. Its reintroduction placed it within the range of a close evolutionary relative, the con-generic Khulan. Determining whether or not these two species experience competition and whether or not such competition was responsible for the extinction of Przewalski's horses in the wild over 50 years ago, requires identifying the fundamental and realized niches of both species. We remotely monitored the presence of both species at a variety of water points during the dry season in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Przewalski's horses drank twice per day mostly during daylight hours at low salinity water sources while Khulans drank mostly at night usually at high salinity water points or those far from human residences. Spatial and temporal differences in water use enables coexistence, but suggest that Przewalski's horses also restrict the actions of Khulan. Such differences in both the fundamental and realized niches were associated with differences in physiological tolerances for saline water and human activity as well as differences in aggression and dominance. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6377 | ||
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sutton, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M. | ||||
| Title | True imitative learning in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Psychol Sci | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zentall1996 | Serial | 6372 | ||
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| Author |
Zeder, M.A. | ||||
| Title | Pathways to animal domestication | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Harlan II: Biodiversity in Agriculture: Domestication, Evolution, and Sustainability | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Publisher | University of California | Place of Publication | Davis | Editor | Damania, A.; Gepts, P. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zeder2011 | Serial | 6316 | ||
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Zebisch, A.; May, A.; Reese, S.; Gehlen, H. | ||||
| Title | Effect of different head-neck positions on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition | Abbreviated Journal | J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 901-907 |
| Keywords | hyperflexion; head-neck position; stress; training; animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Different head?neck positions (HNPs) are used in equestrian sports and are regarded as desirable for training and competition by riders, judges and trainers. Even though some studies have been indicative of hyperflexion having negative effects on horses, this unnatural position is frequently used. In the present study, the influence of different HNPs on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse was investigated. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood cortisol levels were measured in 18 horses. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) are power components in the frequency domain measurement of HRV which show the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Values were recorded at rest, while riding with a working HNP and while riding with hyperflexion of the horse's head, neck and poll. In addition, rideability and behaviour during the different investigation stages were evaluated by the rider and by an observer. Neither the HR nor the HRV showed a significant difference between working HNP (HR = 105 ± 22/min; LF/HF = 3.89 ± 5.68; LF = 37.28 ± 10.77%) and hyperflexion (HR = 110 ± 18; LF/HF = 1.94 ± 2.21; LF = 38.39 ± 13.01%). Blood cortisol levels revealed a significant increase comparing working HNP (158 ± 60 nm) and hyperflexion (176 ± 64 nm, p = 0.01). The evaluation of rider and observer resulted in clear changes of rideability and behavioural changes for the worse in all parameters collected between a working HNP and hyperflexion. In conclusion, changes of the cortisol blood level as a physical parameter led to the assumption that hyperflexion of head, neck and poll effects a stress reaction in the horse, and observation of the behaviour illustrates adverse effects on the well-being of horses during hyperflexion. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0931-2439 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1111/jpn.12155 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6427 | ||
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| Author |
Zajonc, R.B. | ||||
| Title | Social Facilitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1965 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 149 | Issue | 3681 | Pages | 269-274 |
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| Abstract | 300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6565 | ||
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| Author |
Zaccaroni, M.; Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Facchini, C.; Gazzola, A. | ||||
| Title | Group specific vocal signature in free- ranging wolf packs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Ethol Ecol Evol | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zaccaroni2012 | Serial | 6470 | ||
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| Author |
Young, R.J. | ||||
| Title | Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Environmental enrichment is a simple and effective means of improving animal welfare in any species – companion, farm, laboratory and zoo. For many years, it has been a popular area of research, and has attracted the attention and concerns of animal keepers and carers, animal industry professionals, academics, students and pet owners all over the world. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6596 | ||
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| Author |
Yarnell, K.; Hall, C.; Billett, E. | ||||
| Title | An assessment of the aversive nature of an animal management procedure (clipping) using behavioral and physiological measures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | Pages | 32-39 | |
| Keywords | Thermography; Eye temperature; Cortisol; Horse; Welfare; Clipping | ||||
| Abstract | Animal management often involves procedures that, while unlikely to cause physical pain, still cause aversive responses. The domestic horse (Equus caballus) regularly has excessive hair clipped off to facilitate its use as a riding/driving animal and this procedure causes adverse behavioral responses in some animals. The aim of this study was to compare behavioral and physiological measures to assess the aversive effect of this procedure. Ten horses were selected on the basis of being either compliant (C: n=5) or non-compliant (NC: n=5) during this procedure. The horses were subjected to a sham clipping procedure (SC: where the blades had been removed from the clippers) for a period of ten minutes. Measures were taken pre, during and post SC (-10min to +30min) and mean values calculated for ALL horses and for C and NC separately. Behavioral activity was scored (scale 1-5) by twenty students from video footage in (phase/group-blind scoring). Heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol and eye temperature were monitored throughout the procedure. The NC horses were found to be significantly more behaviorally active/less relaxed throughout the trial than C horses (p<0.05) with the greatest difference occurring during the SC procedure (p<0.01). NC horses were more active/less relaxed during, compared with pre or post SC (p<0.05), but showed no behavioral difference pre and post SC. HR of the NC horses was higher than that of the C horses throughout the trial but only significantly so after 10min of SC (p<0.01). ALL horses showed a significant increase in HR between +5 and +10min into the procedure (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentration in ALL horses post procedure (p<0.01) with levels peaking at 20minute post SC. No significant differences in salivary cortisol concentration between C and NC were found at any stage of the trial. Eye temperature increased significantly in ALL horses during SC, peaking at +10min into the procedure (p<0.05) and then decreased substantially when SC had ceased (p<0.01). Although no significant differences were found between C and NC per se, there was a significant interaction between group and phase of trial (p<0.05) with the NC group showing a greater decrease in eye temperature post SC. There was a significant positive correlation between changes in salivary cortisol concentration and eye temperature (p<0.01) but no correlation between any of the other measures. Although the behavioral response of C and NC to this procedure was significantly different the physiological responses indicated that ALL horses found the procedure aversive. Eye temperature could be used as an objective and immediate measure of how an animal is responding to a specific situation in order to evaluate management procedures and adapt them where appropriate to reduce the negative impact on animal health and welfare. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6611 | ||
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