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Author |
Passilongo, D.; Marchetto, M.; Apollonio, M. |
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Title |
Singing in a wolf chorus: structure and complexity of a multicomponent acoustic behaviour |
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Year |
2017 |
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Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy |
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Hysterix |
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28 |
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2 |
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180-185 |
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Abstract |
Wolf choruses ( Canis lupus ) are complex, multicomponent signals, composed by a series of different vocalizations emitted by a pack. Although howls, the main component, have been highly studied, poor attention has been drawn upon the other vocalizations of the chorus. In this study, we investigate the structure of the chorus by means of the analysis and the quantification of the different components, taking advantage both of the digital sound recording and analysis, and of the modern statistical methodologies. We provide for the first time a detailed, objective description of the types of call emitted during the wolf howlings, combining spectrographic examinations, spectral analyses and automated classifications, with the aim to identify different types of call. Our results show that wolf choruses have a rich, complex structure, that reveals six other types of call, to be added to those howls already described in literature. Wolf choruses are typically composed by other three different types of calls: the bark, i.e. relatively long calls characterized by low frequencies and the presence of harsh components (deterministic chaos); the whimper, characterized by a harmonic structure and a very short duration; and the growl, a call with a noisy structure, low frequencies but relative long duration. Although further investigations are necessary to understand the meaning of the different calls, this research provides a basis for those studies that aim to compare wolves and other canids vocal behaviour. |
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0394-1914 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2017 |
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6441 |
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Mladenoff, D.J.; Sickley, T.A.; Wydeven, A.P. |
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Predicting gray wolf landscape recolonization: logistic regression models vs. new field data |
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1999 |
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Ecol Appl |
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9 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mladenoff1999 |
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6442 |
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Ripple, W.J.; Estes, J.A.; Beschta, R.L.; Wilmers, C.C.; Ritchie, E.G.; Hebblewhite, M. |
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Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores |
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2014 |
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Science |
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343 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2014 |
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6445 |
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Walpole, M.J.; Leader-Williams, N. |
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Tourism and flagship species in conservation |
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2002 |
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Biodivers Conserv |
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11 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Walpole2002 |
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6446 |
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Kleiven, J.; Bjerke, T.; Kaltenborn, B.P. |
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Title |
Factors influencing the social acceptability of large carnivore behaviours |
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2004 |
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Biodivers Conserv |
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13 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kleiven2004 |
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6447 |
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Author |
Berger, K.M. |
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Title |
Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry |
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2006 |
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Conserv Biol |
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20 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 |
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6448 |
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Breitenmoser, U. |
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Title |
Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors |
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1998 |
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Biol Conserv |
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83 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 |
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6450 |
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Chapron, G.; Kaczensky, P.; Linnell, J.D.C.; Arx, M.; Huber, D.; Andrén, H. |
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Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes |
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2014 |
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346 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Chapron2014 |
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6451 |
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Author |
Ripple, W.J.; Beschta, R.L. |
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Title |
Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction |
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2012 |
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Biol Conserv |
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145 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2012 |
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6452 |
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Author |
Fritts, S.H.; Bangs, E.E.; Gore, J.F. |
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Title |
The relationship of wolf recovery to habitat conservation and biodiversity in the northwestern United States |
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1994 |
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Landsc Urban Plan |
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28 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Fritts1994 |
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6453 |
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