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| Author | Tomasello, M.; Call, J | ||||
| Title | Books Received | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
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61 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 269-270 |
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| Abstract | The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (1999). |
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5446 | ||
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| Author | Hare, B.; Call, J.; Agnetta, B.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
59 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 771-785 |
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| Abstract | We report a series of experiments on social problem solving in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a subordinate and a dominant individual were put into competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates were successful quite often in three situations in which they had better visual access to the food than the dominant, for example, when the food was positioned so that only the subordinate (and not the dominant) could see it. In some cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the food that the dominant was moving towards (which just happened to be the one it could see). In other cases, however, we ruled out this possibility by giving subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could see, or the food that only they could see) before the dominant was released into the area. Together with other recent studies, the present investigation suggests that chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and, furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring food competition situations. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 585 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M.; Hare, B.; Agnetta, B. | ||||
| Title | Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, follow gaze direction geometrically | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
58 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 769-777 |
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| Abstract | Two experiments on chimpanzee gaze following are reported. In the first, chimpanzee subjects watched as a human experimenter looked around various types of barriers. The subjects looked around each of the barriers more when the human had done so than in a control condition (in which the human looked in another direction). In the second experiment, chimpanzees watched as a human looked towards the back of their cage. As they turned to follow the human's gaze a distractor object was presented. The chimpanzees looked at the distractor while still following the human's gaze to the back of the cage. These two experiments effectively disconfirm the low-level model of chimpanzee gaze following in which it is claimed that upon seeing another animate being's gaze direction chimpanzees simply turn in that direction and look around for something interesting. Rather, they support the hypothesis that chimpanzees follow the gaze direction of other animate beings geometrically to specific locations, in much the same way as human infants. The degree to which chimpanzees have a mentalistic interpretation of the gaze and/or visual experience of others is still an open question. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 587 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M.; Call, J.; Hare, B. | ||||
| Title | Five primate species follow the visual gaze of conspecifics | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1063-1069 |
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| Abstract | Individuals from five primate species were tested experimentally for their ability to follow the visual gaze of conspecifics to an outside object. Subjects were from captive social groups of chimpanzees,Pan troglodytes, sooty mangabeys,Cercocebus atys torquatus, rhesus macaques,Macaca mulatta, stumptail macaques,M. arctoides, and pigtail macaques,M. nemestrina. Experimental trials consisted of an experimenter inducing one individual to look at food being displayed, and then observing the reaction of another individual (the subject) that was looking at that individual (not the food). Control trials consisted of an experimenter displaying the food in an identical manner when the subject was alone. Individuals from all species reliably followed the gaze of conspecifics, looking to the food about 80% of the time in experimental trials, compared with about 20% of the time in control trials. Results are discussed in terms of both the proximate mechanisms that might be involved and the adaptive functions that might be served by gaze-following. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 592 | ||
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| Author | Byrnl, R.W.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Do rats ape? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
50 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1417-1420 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 589 | ||
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| Author | Liebal, K.; Pika, S.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Social communication in siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus): use of gestures and facial expressions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
| Volume |
45 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 41-57 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; *Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; *Cognition; Female; Hylobates/*physiology; *Kinesics; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | The current study represents the first systematic investigation of the social communication of captive siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). The focus was on intentional signals, including tactile and visual gestures, as well as facial expressions and actions. Fourteen individuals from different groups were observed and the signals used by individuals were recorded. Thirty-one different signals, consisting of 12 tactile gestures, 8 visual gestures, 7 actions, and 4 facial expressions, were observed, with tactile gestures and facial expressions appearing most frequently. The range of the signal repertoire increased steadily until the age of six, but declined afterwards in adults. The proportions of the different signal categories used within communicative interactions, in particular actions and facial expressions, also varied depending on age. Group differences could be traced back mainly to social factors or housing conditions. Differences in the repertoire of males and females were most obvious in the sexual context. Overall, most signals were used flexibly, with the majority performed in three or more social contexts and almost one-third of signals used in combination with other signals. Siamangs also adjusted their signals appropriately for the recipient, for example, using visual signals most often when the recipient was already attending (audience effects). These observations are discussed in the context of siamang ecology, social structure, and cognition. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. liebal@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0032-8332 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14655035 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2812 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Cultural Transmission: A View from Chimpanzees and Human Infants | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
32 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 135-146 |
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| Abstract | Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as infants begin to engage with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool use practices, and many other conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural learning allow human beings to pool their cognitive resources both contemporaneously and over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal kingdom. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1177/0022022101032002002 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2968 | ||
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| Author | Scheider, L.; Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Do domestic dogs interpret pointing as a command? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animal Cognition | |
| Volume |
16 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 361-372 |
| Keywords | Communication; Domestic dog; Pointing; Comprehension; Imperative | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication flexibly, particularly the pointing gesture. Here, we examine whether dogs interpret pointing informatively, that is, as simply providing information, or rather as a command, for example, ordering them to move to a particular location. In the first study a human pointed toward an empty cup. In one manipulation, the dog either knew or did not know that the designated cup was empty (and that the other cup actually contained the food). In another manipulation, the human (as authority) either did or did not remain in the room after pointing. Dogs ignored the human’s gesture if they had better information, irrespective of the authority’s presence. In the second study, we varied the level of authority of the person pointing. Sometimes this person was an adult, and sometimes a young child. Dogs followed children’s pointing just as frequently as they followed adults’ pointing (and ignored the dishonest pointing of both), suggesting that the level of authority did not affect their behavior. Taken together these studies suggest that dogs do not see pointing as an imperative command ordering them to a particular location. It is still not totally clear, however, if they interpret it as informative or in some other way. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5666 | ||
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| Author | Kaminski, J.; Pitsch, A.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Dogs steal in the dark | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animal Cognition | |
| Volume |
16 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 385-394 |
| Keywords | Domestic dog; Social cognition; Perspective taking; Competition | ||||
| Abstract | All current evidence of visual perspective taking in dogs can possibly be explained by dogs reacting to certain stimuli rather than understanding what others see. In the current study, we set up a situation in which contextual information and social cues are in conflict. A human always forbade the dog from taking a piece of food. The part of the room being illuminated was then varied, for example, either the area where the human was seated or the area where the food was located was lit. Results show that dogs steal significantly more food when it is dark compared to when it is light. While stealing forbidden food the dog’s behaviour also depends on the type of illumination in the room. Illumination around the food, but not the human, affected the dogs’ behaviour. This indicates that dogs do not take the sight of the human as a signal to avoid the food. It also cannot be explained by a low-level associative rule of avoiding illuminated food which dogs actually approach faster when they are in private. The current finding therefore raises the possibility that dogs take into account the human’s visual access to the food while making their decision to steal it. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5669 | ||
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| Author | Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Trends in cognitive sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends Cogn Sci |
| Volume |
13 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 397-402 |
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| Abstract | Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Humans nearest primate relatives, such as chimpanzees, engage in some but not all of these behaviors: they help others instrumentally, but they are not so inclined to share resources altruistically and they do not inform others of things helpfully. The evolutionary roots of human altruism thus appear to be much more complex than previously supposed. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier Science, | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1364-6613(09)00149-1 DOI - 10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008 | Serial | 5608 | ||
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