| Records |
| Author |
Itakura, S.; Agnetta, B.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Chimpanzee Use of Human and Conspecific Social Cues to Locate Hidden Food |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Developmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Sci |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
448 - 456 |
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| Abstract |
Two studies are reported in which chimpanzees attempted to use social cues to locate hidden food in one of two possible hiding places. In the first study four chimpanzees were exposed to a local enhancement cue (the informant approached and looked to the location where food was hidden and then remained beside it) and a gaze/point cue (the informant gazed and manually pointed towards the location where the food was hidden). Each cue was given by both a human informant and a chimpanzee informant. In the second study 12 chimpanzees were exposed to a gaze direction cue in combination with a vocal cue (the human informant gazed to the hiding location and produced one of two different vocalizations – a 'food-bark' or a human word-form). The results were – (i) all subjects were quite skillful with the local enhancement cue, no matter who produced it; (ii) few subjects were skillful with the gaze/point cue, no matter who produced it (most of these being individuals who had been raised in infancy by humans); and (iii) most subjects were skillful when the human gazed and vocalized at the hiding place, with little difference between the two types of vocal cue. Findings are discussed in terms of chimpanzees' apparent need for additional cues, over and above gaze direction cues, to indicate the presence of food. |
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Department of Psychology and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA DOI – 10.1111/1467-7687.00089 |
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Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1999 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4973 |
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| Author |
Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Language and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes. |
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274-311 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Parker,S.T.;Gibson,K.R. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5267 |
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| Author |
Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
The cultural origins of human cognition. |
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1999 |
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Harvard University Press |
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Camebridge,MA. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5597 |
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Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Do apes ape? |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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319-346 |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5600 |
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Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science |
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311 |
Issue |
5765 |
Pages |
1301-1303 |
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Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5607 |
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Warneken, F.; Hare, B.; Melis, A.P.; Hanus, D.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Spontaneous Altruism by Chimpanzees and Young Children |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
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PLoS Biol |
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PLoS Biol |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e184 EP - |
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<p>Experimental evidence reveals that chimpanzees will help other unrelated humans and conspecifics without a reward, showing that they share crucial aspects of altruism with humans.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5609 |
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| Author |
Schneider, A.-C.; Melis, A.P.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
How chimpanzees solve collective action problems |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios, when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads, suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5629 |
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Melis, A.P.; Warneken, F.; Jensen, K.; Schneider, A.-C.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain food and non-food items |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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278 |
Issue |
1710 |
Pages |
1405-1413 |
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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) sometimes help both humans and conspecifics in experimental situations in which immediate selfish benefits can be ruled out. However, in several experiments, chimpanzees have not provided food to a conspecific even when it would cost them nothing, leading to the hypothesis that prosociality in the food-provisioning context is a derived trait in humans. Here, we show that chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain both food and non-food items—given that the donor cannot get the food herself. Furthermore, we show that the key factor eliciting chimpanzees' targeted helping is the recipients' attempts to either get the food or get the attention of the potential donor. The current findings add to the accumulating body of evidence that humans and chimpanzees share the motivation and skills necessary to help others in situations in which they cannot selfishly benefit. Humans, however, show prosocial motives more readily and in a wider range of contexts. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5630 |
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Hare, B.; Rosati, A.; Kaminski, J.; Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human communication: a response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne et al. (2008) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Anim Behav |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hare2010 |
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6241 |
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| Author |
Tennie, C.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Untrained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) fail to imitate novel actions |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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PLoS One |
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7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Tennie2012 |
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6289 |
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