| Home | << 1 2 3 4 5 >> |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Hare, B.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 139-151 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | We conducted three experiments on social problem solving by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a subordinate and a dominant individual competed for food, which was placed in various ways on the subordinate's side of two opaque barriers. In some conditions dominants had not seen the food hidden, or food they had seen hidden was moved elsewhere when they were not watching (whereas in control conditions they saw the food being hidden or moved). At the same time, subordinates always saw the entire baiting procedure and could monitor the visual access of their dominant competitor as well. If subordinates were sensitive to what dominants did or did not see during baiting, they should have preferentially approached and retrieved the food that dominants had not seen hidden or moved. This is what they did in experiment 1 when dominants were either uninformed or misinformed about the food's location. In experiment 2 subordinates recognized, and adjusted their behaviour accordingly, when the dominant individual who witnessed the hiding was replaced with another dominant individual who had not witnessed it, thus demonstrating their ability to keep track of precisely who has witnessed what. In experiment 3 subordinates did not choose consistently between two pieces of hidden food, one of which dominants had seen hidden and one of which they had not seen hidden. However, their failure in this experiment was likely to be due to the changed nature of the competition under these circumstances and not to a failure of social-cognitive skills. These findings suggest that at least in some situations (i.e. competition with conspecifics) chimpanzees know what conspecifics have and have not seen (do and do not know), and that they use this information to devise effective social-cognitive strategies. Copyright 2001 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN  |
0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11170704 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 588 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tomasello, M.; Call, J | ||||
| Title | Books Received | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 269-270 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (1999). |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5446 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Liebal, K.; Pika, S.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Social communication in siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus): use of gestures and facial expressions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 41-57 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; *Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; *Cognition; Female; Hylobates/*physiology; *Kinesics; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | The current study represents the first systematic investigation of the social communication of captive siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). The focus was on intentional signals, including tactile and visual gestures, as well as facial expressions and actions. Fourteen individuals from different groups were observed and the signals used by individuals were recorded. Thirty-one different signals, consisting of 12 tactile gestures, 8 visual gestures, 7 actions, and 4 facial expressions, were observed, with tactile gestures and facial expressions appearing most frequently. The range of the signal repertoire increased steadily until the age of six, but declined afterwards in adults. The proportions of the different signal categories used within communicative interactions, in particular actions and facial expressions, also varied depending on age. Group differences could be traced back mainly to social factors or housing conditions. Differences in the repertoire of males and females were most obvious in the sexual context. Overall, most signals were used flexibly, with the majority performed in three or more social contexts and almost one-third of signals used in combination with other signals. Siamangs also adjusted their signals appropriately for the recipient, for example, using visual signals most often when the recipient was already attending (audience effects). These observations are discussed in the context of siamang ecology, social structure, and cognition. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. liebal@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0032-8332 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14655035 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2812 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Visual perspective taking in dogs (Canis familiaris) in the presence of barriers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 299-317 |
| Keywords | Dogs; Visual perspective taking; Metacognition | ||||
| Abstract | Previous studies have shown that dogs have developed a special sensitivity to the communicative signals and attentional states of humans. The aim of the current study was to further investigate what dogs know about the visual perception of humans and themselves. In the first two experiments we investigated whether dogs were sensitive to the properties of barriers as blocking the visual access of humans. We presented dogs with a situation in which a human forbade them to take a piece of food, but the type and orientation of the barrier allowed the dog to take the food undetected in some conditions. Dogs differentiated between effective and ineffective barriers, based on their orientation or the particular features of the barriers such as size or the presence of window. In the third study we investigated whether dogs know about what they themselves have seen. We presented subjects with two boxes and placed food in one of them. In the Seen condition the location of the food was shown to the dogs while in the Unseen condition dogs were prevented from seeing the destination of the food. Before selecting one of the boxes by pressing a lever, dogs had the opportunity to seek extra information regarding the contents of the boxes, which would be particularly useful in the condition in which they had not seen where the food was hidden. Dogs rarely used the opportunity to seek information about the contents of the box before making their choice in any condition. Therefore, we found no evidence suggesting that dogs have access to what they themselves have seen, which contrasts with the positive evidence about visual perspective taking in others from the first two experiments and previous studies. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4986 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tomasello, M.; Davis-Dasilva, M.; Camak, L.; Bard, K. | ||||
| Title | Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1987 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Human Evolution | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-183 |
| Keywords | Chimpanzees; Observational Learning; Tool-Use | ||||
| Abstract | In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4–6 and 8–9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally transmitted» — though perhaps not in the same sense as social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of conspecifics is crucial. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Kluwer Academic Publishers | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0393-9375 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5915 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 38-47 |
| Keywords | Animals; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Food; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful in using human communicative cues such as the pointing gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the 2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes' adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs' adaptations, during the domestication process, for cooperative communication with humans. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. jbraeuer@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16551163 | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 597 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Call, J.; Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 117 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-263 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Attention; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Concept Formation; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; *Inhibition (Psychology); Male; Nonverbal Communication | ||||
| Abstract | Twelve domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were given a series of trials in which they were forbidden to take a piece of visible food. In some trials, the human continued to look at the dog throughout the trial (control condition), whereas in others, the human (a) left the room, (b) turned her back, (c) engaged in a distracting activity, or (d) closed her eyes. Dogs behaved in clearly different ways in most of the conditions in which the human did not watch them compared with the control condition, in which she did. In particular, when the human looked at them, dogs retrieved less food, approached it in a more indirect way, and sat (as opposed to laid down) more often than in the other conditions. Results are discussed in terms of domestic dogs' social-cognitive skills and their unique evolutionary and ontogenetic histories. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. call@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. : 1983 | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14498801 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 713 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | The domestication of social cognition in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 298 | Issue | 5598 | Pages | 1634-1636 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves | ||||
| Abstract | Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12446914 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 595 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hare, B.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Human-like social skills in dogs? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Trends in Cognitive Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 439-444 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition/*physiology; Dogs; *Evolution; Humans; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic dogs are unusually skilled at reading human social and communicative behavior--even more so than our nearest primate relatives. For example, they use human social and communicative behavior (e.g. a pointing gesture) to find hidden food, and they know what the human can and cannot see in various situations. Recent comparisons between canid species suggest that these unusual social skills have a heritable component and initially evolved during domestication as a result of selection on systems mediating fear and aggression towards humans. Differences in chimpanzee and human temperament suggest that a similar process may have been an important catalyst leading to the evolution of unusual social skills in our own species. The study of convergent evolution provides an exciting opportunity to gain further insights into the evolutionary processes leading to human-like forms of cooperation and communication. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany. hare@eva.mpg.de | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16061417 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 546 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Trends in cognitive sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends Cogn Sci |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 397-402 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Humans nearest primate relatives, such as chimpanzees, engage in some but not all of these behaviors: they help others instrumentally, but they are not so inclined to share resources altruistically and they do not inform others of things helpfully. The evolutionary roots of human altruism thus appear to be much more complex than previously supposed. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Elsevier Science, | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1364-6613(09)00149-1 DOI - 10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008 | Serial | 5608 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||