| Records |
| Author |
Warneken, F.; Hare, B.; Melis, A.P.; Hanus, D.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Spontaneous Altruism by Chimpanzees and Young Children |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
PLoS Biol |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS Biol |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e184 EP - |
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| Abstract |
<p>Experimental evidence reveals that chimpanzees will help other unrelated humans and conspecifics without a reward, showing that they share crucial aspects of altruism with humans.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5609 |
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| Author |
Schneider, A.-C.; Melis, A.P.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
How chimpanzees solve collective action problems |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios, when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads, suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5629 |
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| Author |
Melis, A.P.; Warneken, F.; Jensen, K.; Schneider, A.-C.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain food and non-food items |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
278 |
Issue |
1710 |
Pages |
1405-1413 |
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| Abstract |
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) sometimes help both humans and conspecifics in experimental situations in which immediate selfish benefits can be ruled out. However, in several experiments, chimpanzees have not provided food to a conspecific even when it would cost them nothing, leading to the hypothesis that prosociality in the food-provisioning context is a derived trait in humans. Here, we show that chimpanzees help conspecifics obtain both food and non-food items—given that the donor cannot get the food herself. Furthermore, we show that the key factor eliciting chimpanzees' targeted helping is the recipients' attempts to either get the food or get the attention of the potential donor. The current findings add to the accumulating body of evidence that humans and chimpanzees share the motivation and skills necessary to help others in situations in which they cannot selfishly benefit. Humans, however, show prosocial motives more readily and in a wider range of contexts. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5630 |
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| Author |
Scheider, L.; Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Do domestic dogs interpret pointing as a command? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
361-372 |
| Keywords |
Communication; Domestic dog; Pointing; Comprehension; Imperative |
| Abstract |
Domestic dogs comprehend human gestural communication flexibly, particularly the pointing gesture. Here, we examine whether dogs interpret pointing informatively, that is, as simply providing information, or rather as a command, for example, ordering them to move to a particular location. In the first study a human pointed toward an empty cup. In one manipulation, the dog either knew or did not know that the designated cup was empty (and that the other cup actually contained the food). In another manipulation, the human (as authority) either did or did not remain in the room after pointing. Dogs ignored the human’s gesture if they had better information, irrespective of the authority’s presence. In the second study, we varied the level of authority of the person pointing. Sometimes this person was an adult, and sometimes a young child. Dogs followed children’s pointing just as frequently as they followed adults’ pointing (and ignored the dishonest pointing of both), suggesting that the level of authority did not affect their behavior. Taken together these studies suggest that dogs do not see pointing as an imperative command ordering them to a particular location. It is still not totally clear, however, if they interpret it as informative or in some other way. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5666 |
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| Author |
Kaminski, J.; Pitsch, A.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Dogs steal in the dark |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
385-394 |
| Keywords |
Domestic dog; Social cognition; Perspective taking; Competition |
| Abstract |
All current evidence of visual perspective taking in dogs can possibly be explained by dogs reacting to certain stimuli rather than understanding what others see. In the current study, we set up a situation in which contextual information and social cues are in conflict. A human always forbade the dog from taking a piece of food. The part of the room being illuminated was then varied, for example, either the area where the human was seated or the area where the food was located was lit. Results show that dogs steal significantly more food when it is dark compared to when it is light. While stealing forbidden food the dog’s behaviour also depends on the type of illumination in the room. Illumination around the food, but not the human, affected the dogs’ behaviour. This indicates that dogs do not take the sight of the human as a signal to avoid the food. It also cannot be explained by a low-level associative rule of avoiding illuminated food which dogs actually approach faster when they are in private. The current finding therefore raises the possibility that dogs take into account the human’s visual access to the food while making their decision to steal it. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1435-9448 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5669 |
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| Author |
Hare, B.; Rosati, A.; Kaminski, J.; Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human communication: a response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne et al. (2008) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Anim Behav |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hare2010 |
Serial |
6241 |
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| Author |
Tennie, C.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Untrained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) fail to imitate novel actions |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
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PLoS One |
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7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Tennie2012 |
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6289 |
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Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Do apes ape? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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319-346 |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5600 |
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Tomasello, M.; Call, J. |
| Title |
Do chimpanzees know what others see ? or only what they are looking at? |
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Book Chapter |
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2006 |
Publication |
Rational Animals? |
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371-384 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Nudds, M.; Hurley, S. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4094 |
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Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? |
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| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Language and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes. |
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274-311 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Parker,S.T.;Gibson,K.R. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5267 |
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