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Author | Leca, J.-B.; Gunst, N.; Thierry, B.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Distributed leadership in semifree-ranging white-faced capuchin monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 66 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1045-1052 |
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Abstract | We investigated the initiation of group movements in white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus capucinus, with the aim of determining whether a single individual with high dominance status consistently leads movements or whether leadership is distributed between group members. The group studied was reared in semifree-ranging conditions. A multivariate analysis followed by univariate analyses demonstrated that leadership was not concentrated on a single individual in this species. All individuals could initiate a collective movement. Nearly half of group members regularly succeeded in recruiting at least three followers. Although both sexes had similar rates of start attempts, females succeeded more frequently than males. We found no significant effect of the dominance status on the percentage of successful attempts. The use of a slow speed, looking back towards the other group members, or trills by the initiator heightened the likelihood of success in group movement initiation. An initiator starting from a core position in a clumped group was more successful than one starting from an edge position in a clumped group or from a dispersed group. Furthermore, the probability of successful start attempts was higher when the group remained stationary for a long period. Leadership in white-faced capuchins appears to be distributed between group members rather than exclusively concentrated on high-ranking individuals. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 2028 | |||
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Author | Sueur, C.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | From Social Network (Centralized vs. Decentralized) to Collective Decision-Making (Unshared vs. Shared Consensus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | PLoS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | PLoS ONE |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 2 | Pages | e32566 EP - |
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Abstract | <p>Relationships we have with our friends, family, or colleagues influence our personal decisions, as well as decisions we make together with others. As in human beings, despotism and egalitarian societies seem to also exist in animals. While studies have shown that social networks constrain many phenomena from amoebae to primates, we still do not know how consensus emerges from the properties of social networks in many biological systems. We created artificial social networks that represent the continuum from centralized to decentralized organization and used an agent-based model to make predictions about the patterns of consensus and collective movements we observed according to the social network. These theoretical results showed that different social networks and especially contrasted ones – star network vs. equal network – led to totally different patterns. Our model showed that, by moving from a centralized network to a decentralized one, the central individual seemed to lose its leadership in the collective movement's decisions. We, therefore, showed a link between the type of social network and the resulting consensus. By comparing our theoretical data with data on five groups of primates, we confirmed that this relationship between social network and consensus also appears to exist in animal societies.</p> | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5712 | ||
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Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 321-330 |
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Abstract | We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’ movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus process driven by ecological determinants. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4801 | ||
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Author | Petit, O.; Thierry, B. | ||||
Title | Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1427-1436 |
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Abstract | Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5244 | ||
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Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Hausberger, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Is <italic>Leadership</italic> a Reliable Concept in Animals? An Empirical Study in the Horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | PLoS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | PLoS ONE |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 5 | Pages | e0126344 |
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Abstract | <p>Leadership is commonly invoked when accounting for the coordination of group movements in animals, yet it remains loosely defined. In parallel, there is increased evidence of the sharing of group decisions by animals on the move. How leadership integrates within this recent framework on collective decision-making is unclear. Here, we question the occurrence of leadership in horses, a species in which this concept is of prevalent use. The relevance of the three main definitions of leadership – departing first, walking in front travel position, and eliciting the joining of mates – was tested on the collective movements of two semi-free ranging groups of Przewalski horses (<italic>Equus ferus przewalskii</italic>). We did not find any leader capable of driving most group movements or recruiting mates more quickly than others. Several group members often displayed pre-departure behaviours at the same time, and the simultaneous departure of several individuals was common. We conclude that the decision-making process was shared by several group members a group movement (i.e., partially shared consensus) and that the leadership concept did not help to depict individual departure and leading behaviour across movements in both study groups. Rather, the different proxies of leadership produced conflicting information about individual contributions to group coordination. This study discusses the implications of these findings for the field of coordination and decision-making research.</p> | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5992 | ||
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Author | Meunier, H.; Leca, J.B.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Group movement decisions in capuchin monkeys: the utility of an experimental study and a mathematical model to explore the relationship between individual and collective behaviours | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
Volume | 143 | Issue | Pages | 1511-1527 | |
Keywords | animal society – collective decision-making – primates – group movement – mathematical modeling | ||||
Abstract | In primate groups, collective movements are typically described as processes dependent on leadership mechanisms. However, in some species, decision-making includes negotiations and distributed leadership. These facts suggest that simple underlying processes may explain certain decision mechanisms during collective movements. To study such processes, we have designed experiments on white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) during which we provoked collective movements involving a binary choice. These experiments enabled us to analyse the spatial decisions of individuals in the group. We found that the underlying process includes anonymous mimetism, which means that each individual may influence all members of the group. To support this result, we created a mathematical model issued from our experimental data. A totally anonymous model does not fit perfectly with our experimental distribution. A more individualised model, which takes into account the specific behaviour of social peripheral individuals, revealed the validity of the mimetism hypothesis. Even though white-faced capuchins have complex cognitive abilities, a coexistence of anonymous and social mechanisms appears to influence their choice of direction during collective movements. The present approach may offer vital insights into the relationships between individual behaviours and their emergent collective acts. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 2066 | |||
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Author | Jacobs, A.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | The influence of social organisation on leadership in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus fulvus) in a controlled environment | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 111-113 |
Keywords | Animals; *Decision Making; Dominance-Subordination; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; Group Structure; *Leadership; Lemur/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Environment | ||||
Abstract | Studies on leadership during group movements in several lemur species showed that females were responsible for the travelling choices concerning time and direction. Interestingly, in these species females are dominant over males. We investigated the influence of social organisation upon leadership processes by studying a lemur species in which social organisation is characterized by the absence of female dominance: the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus fulvus). The study was conducted on a semi-free ranging group of 11 individuals and the analysis performed on 69 group movements showed that all the individuals could initiate a group movement. In 34 cases, the whole group moved. There was no significant difference in the number of start attempts or in the number of group members involved from one initiator to another. Moreover, there was no effect of sex or age of the initiator on the number of individuals following it or on the speed of the joining process. Therefore, the leadership observed is widely distributed to all group members. These results support the hypothesis of an influence of social organisation upon the decision-making processes but still remain to be studied in a more relevant ecological context. | ||||
Address | IPHC-DEPE, Equipe d'ethologie des primates, UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Universite Louis Pasteur and Centre de Primatologie, Strasbourg, France | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:18586413 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5127 | ||
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Author | Sueur, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Shared or unshared consensus decision in macaques? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 78 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 84-92 |
Keywords | Collective movement; Decision-making; Leadership; Social style | ||||
Abstract | Members of a social group have to make collective decisions in order to synchronise their activities. In a shared consensus decision, all group members can take part in the decision whereas in an unshared consensus decision, one individual, usually a dominant member of the group, takes the decision for the rest of the group. It has been suggested that the type of decision-making of a species could be influenced by its social style. To investigate this further, we studied collective movements in two species with opposed social systems, the Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) and the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). From our results, it appears that the decision to move is the result of the choices and actions of several individuals in both groups. However, this consensus decision involved nearly all group members in Tonkean macaques whereas dominant and old individuals took a prominent role in rhesus macaques. Thus, we suggest that Tonkean macaques display equally shared consensus decisions to move, whereas in the same context rhesus macaque exhibit partially shared consensus decisions. Such a difference in making a collective decision might be linked to the different social systems of the two studied species. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5129 | ||
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Author | Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 142 | Issue | Pages | 56-63 | |
Keywords | consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision | ||||
Abstract | Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6151 | ||
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Author | Petit, O.; Bon, R. | ||||
Title | Decision-making processes: The case of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 635-647 |
Keywords | Consensus; Inter-individual relationships; Leadership; Self-organization; Social status | ||||
Abstract | Besides focusing on the adaptive significance of collective movements, it is crucial to study the mechanisms and dynamics of decision-making processes at the individual level underlying the higher-scale collective movements. It is now commonly admitted that collective decisions emerge from interactions between individuals, but how individual decisions are taken, i.e. how far they are modulated by the behaviour of other group members, is an under-investigated question. Classically, collective movements are viewed as the outcome of one individual's initiation (the leader) for departure, by which all or some of the other group members abide. Individuals assuming leadership have often been considered to hold a specific social status. This hierarchical or centralized control model has been challenged by recent theoretical and experimental findings, suggesting that leadership can be more distributed. Moreover, self-organized processes can account for collective movements in many different species, even in those that are characterized by high cognitive complexity. In this review, we point out that decision-making for moving collectively can be reached by a combination of different rules, i.e. individualized (based on inter-individual differences in physiology, energetic state, social status, etc.) and self-organized (based on simple response) ones for any species, context and group size. | ||||
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ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5217 | ||
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