| Records |
| Author |
Keiper, R. |
| Title |
Social organization of feral ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
1976 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Pennsyl Acad Sci |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
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Pages |
69-70 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Serial |
1250 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
| Title |
The behaviour, ecology and social organization of the feral ponies of Assateague Island |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Proc. I. Conf. Sci. Res. Nat. Parks |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. I. Conf. Sci. Res. Nat. Parks, |
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University of Wyoming |
Place of Publication |
Laramie |
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2309 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R.; Moss, M.; Zervanos, S. |
| Title |
Daily and seasonal patterns of feral ponies on Assateague Island. |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
2nd Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2310 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R.; Keenan, M.A. |
| Title |
Nocturnal activity patterns of feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
J. Mammal |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mammal |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
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Pages |
116-118 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2311 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Keiper, R. |
| Title |
The position of the stallion in the equine dominance hierarchy of feral and domestic ponies. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
945-950 |
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no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
668 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. |
| Title |
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
991-995 |
| Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia |
| Abstract |
The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
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| Notes |
PMID:6732036 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
665 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
| Title |
Social structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
465-484 |
| Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Homing Behavior; *Horses; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. |
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0749-0739 |
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| Notes |
PMID:3492240 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
675 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R.; Sambraus, H.H. |
| Title |
The stability of equine dominance hierarchies and the effects of kinship, proximity and foaling status on hierarchy rank |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
121-130 |
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| Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies were determined in four bands of feral horses living on Assateague Island. The bands varied in size from 10 to 16 horses, and consisted of one stallion, several mares and their offspring. The animals ranged in age from less than 1 to over 18 years. Field observation of all social interactions during the summer of 1981 was used to determine dominance. 1981 hierarchies for three of the bands were compared with hierarchies determined for the same bands in 1978, and showed that hierarchies change over time. Age was significantly correlated with rank. Mares with foals did not rank any higher in the hierarchies than mares without foals. Kinship did not appear to have an effect on dominance rank either, since neither juvenile nor adult offspring ranks correlated with the ranks of their mothers. The band stallion was not the highest-ranking animal of any band, but the location of the stallion peripheral to the main body of the band, the nature of his interactions with band members, and his length of residence in the band may have contributed to his low rank. |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
683 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
| Title |
Social interactions of the Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881) herd at the Munich Zoo |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
89-97 |
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| Abstract |
Data were collected on 972 aggressions and 233 acts of mutual grooming in a herd of 9 Przewalski horses in the Hellabrunn Tierpark in Munich, West Germany. The herd was composed of 1 adult stallion, 5 adult mares and 3 foals. A distinct linear dominance hierarchy was present in the herd, with the stallion being the top-ranking animal. Age was significantly correlated with rank. Almost 40% of all aggressions consisted of herding actions by the stallion. Threats to bite (20% of all aggressions) and threats to kick (11.4%) were next in frequency of occurrence. Most mutual grooms (71%) involved grooming the front part of the body. Although mutual grooming may be used to appease higher-ranked animals, most grooming bouts were between related horses. Foals initiate 47.6% of all allogrooming. Mutual grooming may reduce weaning conflict between a mare and her foal or may result in female coalitions that defend against predators or aggression by the herd stallion. |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
775 |
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| Author |
BASHORE, T. L.; KEIPER, R.; TURNER ,J. W. JR; KIRKPATRICK J. F. |
| Title |
The accuracy of fixed-wing aerial surveys of feral horses on a coastal barrier island |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of coastal research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. coast. res |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
53-56 |
| Keywords |
Accuracy; Airborne methods; Vegetation; Barrier islands; Maryland; Ground methods; United States; North America; America |
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0749-0208 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2221 |
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