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Author |
Sweeting, M.P.; Houpt, C.E.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Social Facilitation of Feeding and Time Budgets in Stabled Ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
369-374 |
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Abstract |
Eight pairs of pony mares were observed. Members of a pair were housed in adjacent stalls and fed hay ad libitum. The behavior of both ponies was recorded simultaneously in the morning (1000 to 1200 h) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 h) for a total of 117 h. The time budget was: 70.1 {+/-} 8.6% eating; 17.8 {+/-} 7.4% standing (including stand rest, stand alert and stand nonajert); 5.2 {+/-} 7.0% pushing hay; 2.9 {+/-} 1.2% walking; 1.9 {+/-} 2.9% drinking; 1.3 {+/-} 1.1% self-grooming; .2 {+/-} .3% defecating; .06 {+/-} .1% chewing nonfood items; .06 {+/-} .03% urination; .06 {+/-} .1% licking salt; .07 {+/-} .1% pawing hay; .6 {+/-} .7% lying and .07 {+/-} .08% stretching the neck over the stall wall dividing the ponies. While eating, the ponies lifted their heads 25.4 {+/-} 11.0 times/h. In less than one-half of the occasions when urination or defecation was observed, the ponies walked away from the spot where they had been eating to eliminate. During one-half of the observations, visual contact between the ponies was prevented by a solid partition between the stalls. The ponies spent significantly more time standing nonalert when the partition prevented visual contact (12 {+/-} 7%) than when visual contact could take place (6 {+/-} 3%, P<.05). When fresh hay was supplied in the mornings, the ponies spent similar amounts of time eating whether visual contact was allowed or not, but in the afternoon significantly more time was spent feeding when visual contact was allowed (73 {+/-} 4%) than when it was not (60 {+/-} 7%). Less time was spent eating, in the absence of visual contact, despite the presence of auditory and olfactory contact. Apparently social facilitation is important in maintaining feeding behavior in ponies. N1 - |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4232 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Maternal behavior in horses |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
IESM 2008 |
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Mares quickly form a bond with their foals, probably within the first hour. They lick the foal usually beginning at the tail end, then the head and later the body of the foal. Licking behavior disappears within the first hours in most mares. Once the bond is formed the mare will let no other foal nurse and stays within a meter of the foal most of the time during the first week. The foal follows her when awake, but when he sleeps she stands over him. As the foal matures the distance the mare maintains from the foals get longer and she may graze as he sleeps. The bond of the mother to the foal gradually weakens as revealed by her response to separation from the foal. Weaning usually takes place shortly before the birth of the next foal. Some mares will attempt to steal foals and this can lead to injury of either the mares or the foal. Because of the strong and exclusive bond of most mares to their foal, foal rejection is especially abnormal. It occurs in some breeds more frequently than others, indicating a heritable component. Arabian mares reject 5% of their foals and other breeds reject less than 2%. There are three types of foal rejection- simple fear of the foal that can be quickly solved by holding the mare so the foal can suckle. The mare learns that nursing is pleasurable. This process usually takes only a few hours of holding the mare because foals suckle so frequently- about four times an hours. The second form of foal rejection is avoidance of tactile stimulation of the inguinal fold. When the foal attempts to suckle he usually strikes that skin fold and causes the mare to cow kick and move away. Desensitization to stimulation of the inguinal fold can solve this problem in a few hours. Treatment is more complex and longer for mares that are aggressive to the foal even when it does not touch them. This type of foal rejection can be treated with drugs that inhibit dopamine such as acepromazine-not the alpha adrenergic agent xylazine. Dopamine inhibits the pituitary hormone prolactin, a putative maternal hormone, which increases milk production. Blocking dopamine will increase prolactin. The mare should always have visual contact with the foal, but be restrained so she can not bite or kick the foal. A pole across the stall confining the mare against a wall is best. Maternal behavior can be induced in non-pregnant mares using injections of estrogen, progesterone, and the dopamine inhibitor sulpiride. Once lactation begins cervical stimulation can be used to elicit maternal behavior toward the next foal the mare sees. |
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Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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Houpt, K.A. |
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IESM 2008 |
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Notes |
Invited speaker IESM 2008 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4456 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Equine behavior problems in relation to humane management |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Int. J. Stud. Anim Prob. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Stud. Anim. Prob. |
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2 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
329-337 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4521 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Kusunose, R. |
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Title |
Genetics of behaviour. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
The Genetics of the Horse |
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Pages |
281-306 |
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CABI Publishing |
Place of Publication |
New York |
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Bowling, A.T., Ruvinsky, A. |
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9780851994291 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4821 |
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Author |
Houpt, K. A.; Kusonose, R. |
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Title |
Genetic of behaviour |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Genetics of the Horse |
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281-306 |
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Cab Intl |
Place of Publication |
Wallingford Oxfordshire |
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Bowling,A. T. ; Ruvinsky, A. |
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978-0851994291 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5021 |
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Author |
Houpt, K. A.; Boyd L. |
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Title |
Social Behaviour |
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Book Chapter |
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1994 |
Publication |
Przewalski's horse |
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State university of New York Press |
Place of Publication |
Albany |
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Boyd L.; Houpt, K. A. |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5433 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Horse husbandry and equine stereotypies |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in press |
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Abstract KW - |
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Corporate Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Publisher |
Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
Editor |
Krueger, K. |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5553 |
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Author |
Devinsky, O.; Boesch, J.M.; Cerda-Gonzalez, S.; Coffey, B.; Davis, K.; Friedman, D.; Hainline, B.; Houpt, K.; Lieberman, D.; Perry, P.; Prüss, H.; Samuels, M.A.; Small, G.W.; Volk, H.; Summerfield, A.; Vite, C.; Wisniewski, T.; Natterson-Horowitz, B. |
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Title |
A cross-species approach to disorders affecting brain and behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews Neurology |
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Structural and functional elements of biological systems are highly conserved across vertebrates. Many neurological and psychiatric conditions affect both humans and animals. A cross-species approach to the study of brain and behaviour can advance our understanding of human disorders via the identification of unrecognized natural models of spontaneous disorders, thus revealing novel factors that increase vulnerability or resilience, and via the assessment of potential therapies. Moreover, diagnostic and therapeutic advances in human neurology and psychiatry can often be adapted for veterinary patients. However, clinical and research collaborations between physicians and veterinarians remain limited, leaving this wealth of comparative information largely untapped. Here, we review pain, cognitive decline syndromes, epilepsy, anxiety and compulsions, autoimmune and infectious encephalitides and mismatch disorders across a range of animal species, looking for novel insights with translational potential. This comparative perspective can help generate novel hypotheses, expand and improve clinical trials and identify natural animal models of disease resistance and vulnerability. |
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1759-4766 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Devinsky2018 |
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6420 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. |
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Title |
A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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20 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
691-737 |
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ISSN |
0737-0806 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6633 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. |
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Title |
Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-18 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:7189148 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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59 |
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