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Author (up) Clayton, N.S.; Dickinson, A. doi  openurl
  Title Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6699 Pages 272-274  
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  Abstract The recollection of past experiences allows us to recall what a particular event was, and where and when it occurred1,2, a form of memory that is thought to be unique to humans3. It is known, however, that food-storing birds remember the spatial location4, 5, 6 and contents6, 7, 8, 9 of their caches. Furthermore, food-storing animals adapt their caching and recovery strategies to the perishability of food stores10, 11, 12, 13, which suggests that they are sensitive to temporal factors. Here we show that scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember 'when' food items are stored by allowing them to recover perishable 'wax worms' (wax-moth larvae) and non-perishable peanuts which they had previously cached in visuospatially distinct sites. Jays searched preferentially for fresh wax worms, their favoured food, when allowed to recover them shortly after caching. However, they rapidly learned to avoid searching for worms after a longer interval during which the worms had decayed. The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals.  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes 10.1038/26216 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4788  
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Author (up) Dickinson, A.; Mackintosh, N.J. url  openurl
  Title Classical Conditioning in Animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 587-612  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3539  
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Author (up) McGonigle, B.; Chalmers, M.; Dickinson, A. doi  openurl
  Title Concurrent disjoint and reciprocal classification by Cebus apella in seriation tasks: evidence for hierarchical organization Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 185-197  
  Keywords Animals; Cebus/*physiology; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Female; Form Perception/*physiology; Male; *Task Performance and Analysis; Visual Perception/*physiology  
  Abstract We report the results of a 4-year-long study of capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) on concurrent three-way classification and linear size seriation tasks using explicit ordering procedures, requiring subjects to select icons displayed on touch screens rather than manipulate and sort actual objects into groups. The results indicate that C. apella is competent to classify nine items concurrently, first into three disjoint classes where class exemplars are identical to one another, then into three reciprocal classes which share common exemplar (size) features. In the final phase we compare the relative efficiency of executive control under conditions where both hierarchical and/or linear organization can be utilized. Whilst this shows a superiority of categorical based size seriation for a nine item test set suggesting an adaptive advantage for hierarchical over linear organization, Cebus nevertheless achieved high levels of principled linear size seriation with sequence lengths not normally achieved by children below the age of six years.  
  Address Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Appleton Tower, George Square, Edinburgh EH 8 9QJ, UK. ejua48@holyrood.ed.ac.uk  
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  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12761655 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2568  
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