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Author Hall, C.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Warren, R.J.
Title Maternal and developmental behavior of the feral horses of Cumberland Island, Georgia Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 85
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2271
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carini, C.M.
Title Mutual grooming and nearest-neighbor relationships among foals of Equus caballus Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 113-123
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Abstract (up) A 3-year study was carried out on the developmental behavior of foals from birth to 24 weeks of age and the behavior of mares living with foals. Mutual-grooming partners of foals were primarily other foals. The peak frequency of mutual grooming occurred during Weeks 9-12, when fillies mutual-groomed 1.6 times h-1 and colts mutual-groomed 0.9 times h-1. Fillies mutual-groomed more frequently than colts (P < 0.025). Fillies mutual-groomed randomly with colts and other fillies (P < 0.05), whereas colts mutual-groomed almost exclusively with fillies (P = 0.03). At all ages studied, if a foal's nearest neighbor was not its mother, it was more likely to be another foal than would be expected if the foal was associating randomly with non-mother ponies. Fillies were more likely than expected to have a filly rather than a colt as their nearest neighbor (P = 0.01). Thus, during their first few months of life, the foals studied exhibited patterns of behavior which were consistent with the development of the usual social milieu of unmanaged adults, in which several mares form a cohesive herd with one or more stallions associating with them.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2276
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.
Title Techniques for taking a behavioral history Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice Abbreviated Journal Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 507-518
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cooperative Behavior; *Horses; Maternal Behavior
Abstract (up) A thorough behavioral history is essential for adequate assessment of a given case. In reviewing the chief complaint, a description of what actually happened, rather than the owner's interpretation of what happened, is required. Other behavior problems, environment, rearing history, and training need to be reviewed. Sample question sets for some common problems are given.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0749-0739 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:3492242 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 50
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Author Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Heusner, G.L.
Title Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 319-337
Keywords Dominance relationships; Horse; Sex differences; Social ontogeny; aggregation; parent-offspring interaction; social behavior
Abstract (up) Aggression and social spacing were studied in 14 light horse mares and their foals living at pasture. Focal samples were collected on each mare-foal dyad for 6 to 10.5 h from 2 months of foal age until weaning at approximately 4 months of age. Observations on foals continued until approximately 6 months of age for 7.5 to 10.5 h per foal. Every 2 min the identities of all individuals within 5 m were recorded. All occurrences of agonistic behavior, and the participants, were recorded during the focal samples. In addition, during feeding of supplemental grain, all occurrences of agonistic behavior by all subjects were recorded. Significant correlations were found between mare rank and the rank of foals both prior to and after weaning. Before weaning, the rank of the foal was significantly correlated with birth order. No significant correlation between birth order and foal rank was found for the post-weaning hierarchy. An animal's gender had no significant effect on foal rank or the choice of preferred associate. Both prior to and after weaning, foals associated preferentially with the foal of their dam's most preferred associate. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between rank of mares and foals and the rate at which they directed aggression to other herd members. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 788
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Author Smith-Funk, E.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Maternal behavior of draft mares (Equus caballus) with mule foals (Equus asinus x Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 33 Issue 2-3 Pages 93-119
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Abstract (up) Draft mares and their mule foals were observed from the day of birth to Week 17 of each foal's life. The rate of nursing was recorded and the duration of nursing activity to the nearest second. The rate at which foals engaged in nursing activity varied at each age. The duration of nursing bouts varied slightly as the foals matured. Aggression was recorded during both nursing and non-nursing activity for both the mares and foals. Maternal aggression was highest during nursing activity, especially during the pre-nurse nuzzling period. Maternal aggression increased as the foals matured. Mother-directed foal aggression was primarily in response to maternal aggression. Spatial relationships between each focal dyad were recorded when the foals were upright, not nursing and when they were recumbent. Spatial relationships differed based on the foal's state. The activity in which the mare engaged while her foal was recumbent was recorded. The movements of the mares were also recorded during foal recumbency. Mares approached or maintained their distance from their recumbent foal more than they left their recumbent foal in all weeks of the study, except Week 2.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2272
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Author Pickerel, T.M.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Estep, D.Q.
Title Sexual preference of mares (Equus caballus) for individual stallions Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-13
Keywords Horse; Sexual behavior; Sexual preference; Vocalization
Abstract (up) Eight mares were tested to determine if they remained near one of two stallions longer than would be expected if association was random. Six stallions were paired in 30 combinations and each mare was tested 30 times. The mares (Equus caballus) demonstrated a definite preference for individual stallions throughout the breeding season. This preference was influenced by the estrous state of the mare. During estrus, mares' preferences for stallions were positively correlated with the rate at which a given stallion vocalized. During diestrus, mares spent significantly less time in the proximity of stallions and did not exhibit any preference for individual stallions.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2270
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.; Houpt, K.A.
Title The ontogeny of flehmen in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 739-745
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Abstract (up) Flehmen behaviour in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mares and foals living on pasture was observed during 807 h of focal sampling. A series of flehmens performed at one site was defined as a flehmen incident. Colts exhibited flehmen incidents and performed flehmen more frequently during an incident than did fillies or mares. Filies exhibited flehmen incidents more frequently than did mares, but did not flehmen more frequently during an incident. Colts exhibited a peak frequency of performing flehmen and of flehmen incidents during weeks 1-4 with a subsequent linear decrease in frequency up to weeks 17-20. Usually, flehmen occurred without the subject having had direct contact of the nostrils, lips, or tongue with a possible stimulant. Twenty-six per cent of the flehmen incidents occurred during or after urination by another pony. Seven per cent of the incidents occurred during or after urination by the pony showing flehmen.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2261
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.
Title Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 17-19
Keywords *Aging; Animals; *Coprophagia; Deoxycholic Acid/physiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses; Humans; Male; Pheromones/physiology; Time Factors; Urination
Abstract (up) In colts and fillies observed from birth to 24 weeks old, coprophagy occurred from Weeks 1 to 19. Its frequency was greatest during the first two months. Coprophagy was rarely observed in mares and stallions. Foals usually ate the faeces of their mother but were observed to eat their own and those of a stallion and another unrelated mare. Urination by the foal occurred before, during or after 26 per cent of the coprophagy incidents. It is hypothesised that foals may consume faeces in response to a maternal pheromone which signals the presence of deoxycholic acid or other acids which the foal may be deficient in and which it may require for gut immuno-competence myelination of the nervous system. Such a pheromone may also serve to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Coprophagy may also provide nutrients and introduce normal bacterial flora to the gut.
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:4038939 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 55
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Nursing behaviour and maternal aggression among Welsh ponies (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl Anim Behav Sci
Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 11-25
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Abstract (up) Nursing behaviour and related aggression of mare-foal pairs was studied from birth (n = 21) to 24 weeks of age (n = 15) of the foal. Foals exhibited a decreasing length and frequency of nursing as they grew older. Mares rarely aggressed against their foals during nursing in the foal's first 4 weeks of life, but did so increasingly through Weeks 13-16, after which the rate of aggression during nursing decreased. Mares terminated nursing primarily by moving away, and were most likely to do so during the foal's first 4 weeks of life. They became gradually less likely to do so as the foal grew older. It was concluded that mares sometimes flex their hind limb on the side opposite the foal during nursing in order to conserve energy in a situation in which they would be remaining still anyway. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the frequency or duration of nursing or in the frequency with which their mothers aggressed against them or terminated nursing.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6504
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.
Title Maternal behavior Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice Abbreviated Journal Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 557-571
Keywords Aggression; Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Horses; Lactation; *Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal; Rejection (Psychology)
Abstract (up) Parturition in mares is rapid and is followed by a brief period of sensitivity to imprinting on a foal. There is large individual variation in normal maternal style, but normal mothers actively defend their foal, remain near the foal when it is sleeping, tolerate or assist nursing, and do not injure their own foal. Disturbance of a mare and foal during the early imprinting period can predispose a mare to rejection of her foal; therefore, it should be avoided. There are a variety of forms of foal rejection and numerous etiologies. Therefore, each case should be evaluated individually.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0749-0739 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3492245 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 49
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