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Author | Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
Title | How Monkeys See the World | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4866 | ||
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Author | Cheney, D. l .; Seyfarth, R. M. | ||||
Title | Social complexity and the information acquired during eavesdropping by primates and other animals | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Communication networks | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Abstract | In many of the studies reviewed in this book, eavesdropping takes the following form: a subject has the opportunity to monitor, or eavesdrop upon, an interaction between two other animals,Aand B. The subject then uses the information obtained through these observations to assess A`s and B`s relative dominance or attractiveness as a mate (e.g. Mennill et al., 2002; Ch. 2). For example, Oliveira et al. (1998) found that male fighting fish Betta splendens that had witnessed two other males involved in an aggressive interaction subsequently responded more strongly to the loser of that interaction than the winner. Subjects-behaviour could not have been influenced by any inherent differences between the two males, because subjects responded equally strongly to the winner and the loser of competitive interactions they had not observed. Similarly, Peake et al. (2001) presented male great tits Parus major with the opportunity to monitor an apparent competitive interaction between two strangers by simulating a singing contest using two loudspeakers. The relative timing of the singing bouts (as measured by the degree of overlap between the two songs) provided information about each “contestants” relative status. Following the singing interaction, one of the “contestants” was introduced into the male`s territory. Males responded significantly less strongly to singers that had apparently just “lost” the interaction (see also McGregor & Dabelsteen, 1996; Naguib et al., 1999; Ch. 2). What information does an individual acquire when it eavesdrops on others? In theory, an eavesdropper could acquire information of many different sorts: about A, about B, about the relationship between A and B, or about the place of Animal Communication Networks, ed. Peter K. McGregor. Published by Cambridge University Press. c. Cambridge University Press 2005. 583 P1: JZZ/... P2: JZZ/... 0521823617c25.xml CU1917B/McGregor 0 521 582361 7 October 7, 2004 22:31 584 D. L. Cheney & R. M. Seyfarth A`s and B`s relationship in a larger social framework. The exact information acquired will probably reflect the particular species social structure. For example, songbirds like great tits live in communities in which six or seven neighbours surround each territory-holding male. Males appear to benefit from the knowledge that certain individuals occupy specific areas (e.g. Brooks & Falls, 1975), that competitive interactions between two different neighbours have particular outcomes, and that these outcomes are stable over time. We would, therefore, expect an eavesdropping great tit not only to learn that neighbour A was dominant to neighbour B, for example, but also to form the expectation that A was likely to defeat B in all future encounters. More speculatively, because the outcome of territorial interactions are often site specific (reviewed by Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 1998), we would expect eavesdropping tits to learn further that A dominates B in some areas but B dominates A in others. In contrast, the information gained from monitoring neighbours interactions would unlikely be sufficient to allow the eavesdropper to rank all of its neighbours in a linear dominance hierarchy, because not all neighbouring males would come into contact with one another. Such information would be difficult if not impossible to acquire; it might also be of little functional value. In contrast, species that live in large, permanent social groups have a much greater opportunity to monitor the social interactions of many different individuals simultaneously. Monkey species such as baboons Papio cynocephalus, for example, typically live in groups of 80 or more individuals, which include several matrilineal families arranged in a stable, linear dominance rank order (Silk et al., 1999). Offspring assume ranks similar to those of their mothers, and females maintain close bonds with their matrilineal kin throughout their lives. Cutting across these stable long-term relationships based on rank and kinship are more transient bonds: for example, the temporary associations formed between unrelated females whose infants are of similar ages, and the “friendships” formed between adult males and lactating females as an apparent adaptation against infanticide (Palombit et al., 1997, 2001). In order to compete successfully within such groups, it would seem advantageous for individuals to recognize who outranks whom, who is closely bonded to whom, and who is likely to be allied to whom (Harcourt, 1988, 1992; Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990; see below). The ability to adopt a third party`s perspective and discriminate among the social relationships that exist among others would seem to be of great selective benefit. In this chapter, we review evidence for eavesdropping in selected primate species and we consider what sort of information is acquired when one individual observes or listens in on the interactions of others. We then compare eavesdropping by primates with eavesdropping in other animal species, focusing on both potential differences and directions for further research |
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Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Editor | McGregor, P.K. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 495 | ||
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Author | Crockford, C.; Wittig, R.M.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | Baboons eavesdrop to deduce mating opportunities | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 885-890 |
Keywords | baboon; cognition; eavesdropping; extrapair copulation; mate guarding; Papio hamadryas ursinus; primate; social intelligence; third-party relationships; transient relationships | ||||
Abstract | Many animals appear to monitor changes in other individuals' dominance ranks and social relationships and to track changes in them. However, it is not known whether they also track changes in very transient relationships. Rapid recognition of a temporary separation between a dominant male and a sexually receptive female, for example, should be adaptive in species where subordinate males use opportunistic strategies to achieve mating success. Dominant male baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) form sexual consortships with oestrous females that are characterized by mate guarding and close proximity. To assess whether subordinate males track temporary changes in the status of other males' consortships, we conducted playback experiments using a two-speaker paradigm. In the test condition, subjects heard the consort male's grunts played from one speaker and his consort female's copulation call played from a speaker approximately 40 m away. This sequence suggested that the male and female had temporarily separated and that the female was mating with another male. In a control trial, subjects heard another dominant male's grunts played from one speaker and the female's copulation call played from the other. In a second control trial, conducted within 24 h after the consortship had ended, subjects again heard the consort male's grunt and the female's copulation call played from separate speakers. As predicted, subjects responded strongly only in the test condition. Eavesdropping upon the temporal and spatial juxtaposition of other individuals' vocalizations may be one strategy by which male baboons achieve sneaky matings. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 816 | ||
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Author | Silk, J.; Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R. | ||||
Title | A practical guide to the study of social relationships | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 213-225 |
Keywords | observational methods; behavioral analysis; methods; dyadic relationships; social bonds | ||||
Abstract | Behavioral ecologists have devoted considerable effort to identifying the sources of variation in individual reproductive success. Much of this work has focused on the characteristics of individuals, such as their sex and rank. However, many animals live in stable social groups and the fitness of individuals depends at least in part on the outcome of their interactions with other group members. For example, in many primate species, high dominance rank enhances access to resources and reproductive success. The ability to acquire and maintain high rank often depends on the availability and effectiveness of coalitionary support. Allies may be cultivated and coalitions may be reinforced by affiliative interactions such as grooming, food sharing, and tolerance. These findings suggest that if we want to understand the selective pressures that shape the social behavior of primates, it will be profitable to broaden our focus from the characteristics of individuals to the properties of the relationships that they form with others. The goal of this paper is to discuss a set of methods that can be used to quantify the properties of social relationships. | ||||
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ISSN | 1520-6505 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5748 | ||
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Author | Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M | ||||
Title | Social and non.social knowledge in vervet monkeys | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Machiavellian Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 255-270 | ||
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Publisher | Oxford Univ Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 0-19-852175-8 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Byrne+Whiten1988 | Serial | 4787 | ||
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Author | Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
Title | The recognition of social alliances among vervet monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 34 | Issue | Pages | 1722-1731 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4864 | ||
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Author | Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
Title | Reconciliation and redirected aggression in vervet monkeys, Behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
Volume | 110 | Issue | Pages | 258-275 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4865 | ||
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Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | Social Awareness in Monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Amer. Zool. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 40 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 902-909 |
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Abstract | Tests of self-awareness in nonhuman primates have to date been concerned almost entirely with the recognition of an animal's reflection in a mirror. By contrast, we know much less about non-human primates' perception of their place within a social network, or of their understanding of themselves as individuals with unique sets of social relationships. Here we review evidence that monkeys who fail the mirror test may nonetheless behave as if they recognize themselves as distinct individuals, each of whom occupies a unique place in society and has a specific set of relations with others. A free-ranging vervet monkey, baboon, or macaque recognizes other members of his group as individuals. He also recognizes matrilineal kin groups, linear dominance rank orders, and behaves as if he recognizes his own unique place within them. This sense of “social self” in monkeys, however, is markedly different from self-awareness in humans. Although monkeys may behave in ways that accurately place themselves within a social network, they are unaware of the knowledge that allows them to do so: they do not know what they know, cannot reflect on what they know, and cannot become the object of their own attention. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1093/icb/40.6.902 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4934 | ||
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Author | Kitchen, D.; Bergman, T.; Cheney, D.; Nicholson, J.; Seyfarth, R. | ||||
Title | Comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 861-870 |
Keywords | Biomedical and Life Sciences | ||||
Abstract | A growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. Social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. To examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: Aepyceros melampus; tsessebe: Damaliscus lunatus; zebra: Equus burchelli; wildebeest: Connochaetes taurinus) could distinguish baboon (Papio hamadryas ursinus) alarm calls from other loud baboon calls produced during intra-specific aggressive interactions (‘contest’ calls). Overall, subjects’ responses were stronger following playback of alarm calls than contest calls. Of the species tested, impala showed the strongest responses and the greatest difference in composite response scores, suggesting they were best able to differentiate call types. Compared with the other ungulate species, impala are the most frequent associates of baboons. Moreover, like baboons, they are susceptible to both lion and leopard attacks, whereas leopards rarely take the larger ungulates. Although it seems possible that high rates of association and/or shared vulnerability may influence impala’s greater ability to distinguish among baboon call types, our results point to a stronger influence of familiarity. Ours is the first study to compare such abilities among several community members with variable natural histories, and we discuss future experiments that would more systematically examine development of these skills in young ungulates. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5275 | ||
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Author | Seyfarth, R. M.; Cheney, D. L. | ||||
Title | Do monkeys understand their realtions? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Machiavellian Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | Byrne, R.; Whiten, A. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 0-19-852175-8 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5457 | ||
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