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| Author | Capitani, C.; Chynoweth, M.; Kusak, J.; Çoban, E.; Sekercioglu, Ç.H. | ||||
| Title | Wolf diet in an agricultural landscape of north-eastern Turkey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | Mammalia |
| Volume | 80 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 329-334 |
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Mammalia | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 80 | Series Issue  |
3 | Edition | |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6687 | ||
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| Author | Stahlbaum, C.C.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | The role of the Flehmen response in the behavioral repertoire of the stallion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Physiology & behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1207-1214 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Estrus; Feces; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Smell/*physiology; Taste/physiology; Urine | ||||
| Abstract | The role of the Flehmen response in equine behavior was investigated under field and laboratory conditions. In Experiment 1, a field study made of five stallions on pasture with between three and eighteen mares each during the season indicated the following: 1) The Flehmen response was most frequently preceded by nasal, rather than oral, investigation of substances; 2) The stallions' rate of Flehmen varied with the estrous cycles of the mares; 3) The rate of Flehmen response did not show a variation with time of day; and 4) The Flehmen response was most frequently followed by marking behaviors rather than courtship behaviors. The results suggest that the Flehmen response is not an immediate component of sexual behavior, e.g., courtship of the stallion but may be involved in the overall monitoring of the mare's estrous cycle. Therefore the Flehmen response may contribute to the chemosensory priming of the stallion for reproduction. In Experiment 2 stallions were presented with urine or feces of mares in various stages of the reproductive cycle as well as with their own or other males' urine or feces. The occurrence of sniffing and Flehmen was used to determine the discriminatory ability of the stallions. Stallions can differentiate the sex of a horse on the basis of its feces alone, but cannot differentiate on the basis of urine. This ability may explain the function of fecal marking behavior of stallions. | ||||
| Address | New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2813545 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 44 | ||
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| Author | Crosby, M.B.; Zhang, J.; Nowling, T.M.; Svenson, J.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. | ||||
| Title | Inflammatory modulation of PPAR gamma expression and activity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Clinical immunology | Abbreviated Journal | Clin Immunol |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 276-283 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cells, Cultured; Female; Inflammation Mediators/*physiology; Kidney/metabolism; Mesangial Cells/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/genetics; PPAR gamma/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism; Up-Regulation/immunology | ||||
| Abstract | Nitric oxide (NO) production increases with age in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse, paralleling disease activity. One mechanism for excess NO production in MRL/lpr mice may be a defect in down-regulatory mechanisms of the iNOS pathway. A potential modulator of NO is the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We demonstrate that renal PPARgamma protein expression was altered as disease progressed in MRL/lpr mice, which paralleled increased iNOS protein expression. Additionally, MRL/lpr-derived primary mesangial cells expressed less PPARgamma than BALB/c mesangial cells and produced more NO in response to LPS and IFNgamma. Furthermore, PPARgamma activity was reduced in mesangial cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. This activity was restored with the addition of a NOS enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that the activation of inflammatory pathways may lead to reduced activity and expression of PPARgamma, further exacerbating the disease state. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1521-6616 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16303334 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 67 | ||
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| Author | Nicol, C.J.; Davidson, H.P.D.; Harris, P.A.; Waters, A.J.; Wilson, A.D. | ||||
| Title | Study of crib-biting and gastric inflammation and ulceration in young horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 151 | Issue | 22 | Pages | 658-662 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Antacids/therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal; Diet/veterinary; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/veterinary; Feces/chemistry; Female; Gastritis/diet therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/diet therapy/*physiopathology/psychology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Random Allocation; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Stomach Ulcer/diet therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary; Treatment Outcome; Weaning | ||||
| Abstract | Nineteen young horses that had recently started to perform the stereotypy of crib-biting were compared with 16 non-stereotypic horses for 14 weeks. After initial observations of their behaviour and an endoscopic examination of the condition of their stomachs, the horses were randomly allocated to a control or an antacid diet At the start of the trial, the stomachs of the crib-biting foals were significantly more ulcerated and inflamed than the stomachs of the normal foals. In addition, the faecal pH of the crib-biting foals (6.05) was significantly lower than that of the normal foals (6.58). The antacid diet resulted in a significant improvement in the condition of the horses' stomachs. The crib-biting behaviour declined in most of the foals, regardless of their diet, but tended to decline to a greater extent in the foals on the antacid diet. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue |
Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12498408 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 83 | ||
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| Author | Waters, A.J.; Nicol, C.J.; French, N.P. | ||||
| Title | Factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviours in young horses: findings of a four year prospective epidemiological study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 572-579 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control/*psychology; Horses; Housing, Animal; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; *Stereotyped Behavior; Weaning | ||||
| Abstract | Stereotypies are invariant and repetitive behaviour patterns that seemingly have no function, which tend to develop in captive animals faced with insoluble problems and may be indicative of reduced welfare. A 4 year prospective study of the factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviours (abnormal behaviour) in a population of 225 young Thoroughbred and part-Thoroughbred horses was conducted between 1995 and 1999. Abnormal behaviour affected 34.7% of the population. Multivariable analysis showed that foals of low- or middle-ranking mares were less likely to develop abnormal behaviour than foals of dominant mares (rate ratio (RR) 0.23, P<0.01; RR 0.48, P<0.01, respectively). Weaning by confinement in a stable or barn was associated with an increased rate of development of abnormal behaviour, compared with paddock-weaning (RR 2.19, P<0.05), and housing in barns, rather than at grass after weaning, was associated with a further increase (RR 2.54, P<0.01). Specific stereotypic and redirected behaviours were then considered as separate outcomes. Crib-biting was initiated by 10.5% of horses at median age 20 weeks, weaving by 4.6% of horses at median age 60 weeks, box-walking by 2.3% of horses at median age 64 weeks and wood-chewing by 30.3% of horses at median age 30 weeks. Wood-chewing developed at a lower rate in horses born to subordinate or mid-ranking mares than in horses born to dominant mares (RR 0.29, P<0.01; RR 0.41, P<0.01, respectively), and at a higher rate in horses kept in barns or stables rather than at grass after weaning (RR 4.49, P<0.001; RR 1A6, P<0.001, respectively). Feeding concentrates after weaning was associated with a 4-fold increase in the rate of development of crib-biting (RR 4.12, P = 0.02). The results of this study support the idea that simple changes in feeding, housing and weaning practices could substantially lower the incidence of abnormal behaviour in young horses. | ||||
| Address | University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford, Bristol, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue |
Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12357996 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 84 | ||
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| Author | Abeyesinghe, S.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Wathes. C.M.; Randall, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Development of a raceway method to assess aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 175-194 |
| Keywords | previous termConcurrent stressors; Aversion; Domestic fowlnext term; Transport; Vibration; Hyperthermia | ||||
| Abstract | The requirement for assessing the effects of stressor combinations in improving the welfare of animals has not been widely recognised. Knowledge of the effects of concurrent stressors is needed to improve environments such as transport, where animals are presented with many simultaneous challenges. However, no method for measuring the effects of different stressors with a common unit is currently available. A locomotor passive avoidance method was developed as a common currency measure of the aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors, using vibrational and thermal stressors as an exemplar. Juvenile fowl, fasted overnight, were trained to run a raceway into a goal-box for small food rewards (FR1). When running consistently, the reinforcement schedule was superimposed with a FR5 treatment schedule (60 min confinement in the goal-box with either a control of no other stressors [N] or concurrent vibration and thermal stressors [VT]). Subsequent latency to return to the goal-box was recorded as a measure of aversion. The factors affecting bird response were addressed in a series of experiments to optimise the method and clarify interpretation of results. Pre-feeding (20% ration 2 h prior to testing) did not affect response, but increasing the number of treatment presentations facilitated learning and increased method sensitivity. Treatment responses were consistent across experiments; overall VT was avoided (P<0.001), but N was not. However, there was large individual variation in response to VT. A final experiment indicated that, given a visual discriminatory cue, birds were capable of learning the required association between entering the goal-box and receiving the treatment, suggesting that the delay responses were due to aversion rather than the immediate impact of treatment on ability to respond. Further work is required to test the singular stressors, but the method retains common currency potential for assessing aversion to multiple stressors. | ||||
| Address | Bio-Engineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, MK45 4HS, Bedford, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11738510 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 85 | ||
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| Author | McGreevy, P.D.; French, N.P.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 137 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 36-37 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*psychology; Horses; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Prevalence; Questionnaires; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | The behaviour of horses competing in different disciplines was studied and the relationship between the time they spent out of the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined. The owners of dressage, eventing and endurance horses were sent a questionnaire and a total of 1101 responses were received, giving data on 1750 horses. The behaviours studied were wood-chewing, weaving, crib-biting/wind-sucking and box-walking. The reported percentage prevalences of abnormal behaviour for the dressage, eventing and endurance horses were 32.5, 30.8 and 19.5, respectively. The relationship between the time spent in the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined by chi 2 tests which showed that there were significant linear trends for the eventing group (P < 0.001) and the dressage group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the time a horse spends out of the stable is related to the discipline for which it is being trained and in dressage and eventing horses the time spent in a stable is correlated with an increased risk of abnormal behaviour. | ||||
| Address | University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue |
Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8525580 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 89 | ||
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| Author | Churcher, C. S. | ||||
| Title | Oldest Ass Recovered from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and the Origin of Asses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Paleontology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Paleontol. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1124-1132 |
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| Abstract | Abstract An isolated right metatarsal III from an adult small monodactyl equid was recovered in situ from the middle of Bed II at Evelyn Fuchs-Hans Reck Korongo, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania in 1963. Interosseous contacts for splint metatarsals II and IV are less evident than in any modern comparative Equus metapodials in Leiden, Holland, London, England or in the field in Africa: horses (E. caballus), zebras (E. burchellii, E. grevyi, E. quagga) and asses (E. a. asinus, E. a. africanus), of which the horses and asses were domesticates. The specimen is provisionally assigned to Equus (Asinus) asinus. The estimated height at the shoulders is less than a meter for the animal in life, comparable to a small donkey. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 105 | ||
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| Author | Tegetmeier, W.B.; Sutherland, C.L. | ||||
| Title | Horses, asses, zebras, mules and mule breeding | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1895 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | A scholarly review of the entire horse family with separate chapters on Prejevalsky`s horse, the African wild ass, the wild ass of Somaliland, the Asiatic wild ass, the mountain zebra, Grevy`s zebra, Burchell`s zebra, the Quagga, hybrid Equidae, the Poitou mule, the American mule and others. Rare. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 106 | ||
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| Author | Moses, S.N.; Villate, C.; Ryan, J.D. | ||||
| Title | An investigation of learning strategy supporting transitive inference performance in humans compared to other species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Neuropsychologia | Abbreviated Journal | Neuropsychologia |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1370-1387 |
| Keywords | Adult; Analysis of Variance; Association Learning/*physiology; *Cognition; *Concept Formation; Female; Humans; *Logic; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology; Photic Stimulation/methods; Reaction Time/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Generalizations about neural function are often drawn from non-human animal models to human cognition, however, the assumption of cross-species conservation may sometimes be invalid. Humans may use different strategies mediated by alternative structures, or similar structures may operate differently within the context of the human brain. The transitive inference problem, considered a hallmark of logical reasoning, can be solved by non-human species via associative learning rather than logic. We tested whether humans use similar strategies to other species for transitive inference. Results are crucial for evaluating the validity of widely accepted assumptions of similar neural substrates underlying performance in humans and other animals. Here we show that successful transitive inference in humans is unrelated to use of associative learning strategies and is associated with ability to report the hierarchical relationship among stimuli. Our work stipulates that cross-species generalizations must be interpreted cautiously, since performance on the same task may be mediated by different strategies and/or neural systems. | ||||
| Address | Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada. smoses@rotman-baycrest.on.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-3932 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16503340 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 153 | ||
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