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	Author	Nicol, C.J
	Title	Equine Stereotypies. In: Houpt K.A. (Ed.),			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2000	Publication	Recent Advances in Companion Animal Behavior Problems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Veterinary Information Service	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	477
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	Author	Allen, C.
	Title	Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations?			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2006	Publication	Rational Animals?	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	175-186
	Keywords
	Abstract	It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference, producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests some lessons for the wider debate.
	Address	Texas A&M University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Oxford University Press	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor	Hurley, S.; Nudds, M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-19-852827-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	611
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	Author	Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E.
	Title	Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1985	Publication	Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	173-86
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Camebridge University Press	Place of Publication	Camebridge	Editor	Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.;
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	819
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	Author	Ruffner Ga, C.S.
	Title	Age structure, condition, and reproduction of two burro (Equus asinus) populations from Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	1979	Publication	Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	235
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1534
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	Author	Heyes, C.; Galef, B.G. (eds)
	Title	Social learning in animals: the roots of culture			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1996	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press, Inc.	Place of Publication	San Diego, CA	Editor	Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0122739651	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ home			Serial	2174
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	Author	Berger, J.; Cunningham, C.
	Title	Size-Related Effects on Search Times in North American Grassland Female Ungulates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Ecology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	69	Issue	1	Pages	177-183
	Keywords	no keywords available
	Abstract	Feeding and searching (= vigilance) rates arise as a result of many interrelated factors including trophic level, diet, reproductive condition, sex, habitat, body mass, and potential predation pressure. Because of unique ecological conditions in which the confounding influences of all but two of these variables could be minimized, we examined the hypothesis that body mass alone accounts for interspecific differences in search times, and tested it with females of four sympatric native North American ungulates (Bison bison, Antilocapra americana, Ovis canadensis, and Odocoileus hemionus). When the effects of group size were controlled, smaller bodied species were more vigilant (per unit body mass) than larger ones. However, search times (ST) also scaled to body mass, and between 81 and 97% of the ST variance was explained by either exponential or power functions. To remove the potential bias that predators exert different influences on species of varying size, search times of bison in areas with and without their major predator, wolves (Canis lupus), were contrasted; search times did not differ between sites. Our results highlight the importance of designing field research that controls for confounding variables prior to attempting to scale behavioral processes to ecological events. See full-text article at JSTOR
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Ecological Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0012-9658	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2233
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	Author	Nuñez, C.M.V.; Adelman, J.S.; Smith, J.; Gesquiere, L.R.; Rubenstein, D.I.
	Title	Linking social environment and stress physiology in feral mares (Equus caballus): Group transfers elevate fecal cortisol levels			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	General and Comparative Endocrinology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	196	Issue		Pages	26-33
	Keywords	Equus caballus; Fecal cortisol; Feral mare; Group transfer; Stress; Social instability
	Abstract	Abstract Feral horses (Equus caballus) have a complex social structure, the stability of which is important to their overall health. Behavioral and demographic research has shown that decreases in group (or band) stability reduce female fitness, but the potential effects on the physiological stress response have not been demonstrated. To fully understand how band stability affects group-member fitness, we need to understand not only behavioral and demographic, but also physiological consequences of decreases to that stability. We studied group changes in feral mares (an activity that induces instability, including both male and female aggression) on Shackleford Banks, NC. We found that mares in the midst of changing groups exhibit increased fecal cortisol levels. In addition, mares making more group transfers show higher levels of cortisol two weeks post-behavior. These results offer insights into how social instability is integrated into an animal’s physiological phenotype. In addition, our results have important implications for feral horse management. On Shackleford Banks, mares contracepted with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) make approximately 10 times as many group changes as do untreated mares. Such animals may therefore be at higher risk of chronic stress. These results support the growing consensus that links between behavior and physiological stress must be taken into account when managing for healthy, functional populations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0016-6480	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5743
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	Author	Cunningham, C.; Berger, J.
	Title	Wild horses of the Granite Range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Natural History	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	32-39
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2279
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	Author	Kolter, L.; Schach,C.; Weber, T.
	Title	Habitat use of feral and Przewalski's horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Natur- und Kulturlandschaft	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	332-342	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2333
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	Author	Kruger, K.; Gaillard, C.; Stranzinger, G.; Rieder, S.
	Title	Phylogenetic analysis and species allocation of individual equids using microsatellite data			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	122	Issue	s1	Pages	78-86
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary The taxonomic status of all equid species is not completely unravelled. This is of practical relevance for conservation initiatives of endangered, fragmented equid populations, such as the Asiatic wild asses (in particular Equus hemionus onager and E. hemionus kulan). In this study, a marker panel consisting of 31 microsatellite loci was used to assess species demarcation and phylogeny, as well as allocation of individuals (n = 120) to specific populations of origin (n = 11). Phylogenetic analysis revealed coalescence times comparable with those previously published from fossil records and mtDNA data. Using Bayesian approaches, it was possible to distinguish between the studied equids, although individual assignment levels varied. The observed results support the maintenance of separate captive conservation herds for E. hemionus onager and E. hemionus kulan. The first molecular genetic results for E. hemionus luteus remained contradictory, as they unexpectedly indicated a closer genetic relationship between E. hemionus luteus and E. kiang holderi compared with the other hemiones.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2334
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