| Records |
| Author |
Whiten, A.; Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
Tactical deception in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication  |
Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain Sci. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
02 |
Pages |
233-244 |
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| Abstract |
ABSTRACT Tactical deception occurs when an individual is able to use an “honest” act from his normal repertoire in a different context to mislead familiar individuals. Although primates have a reputation for social skill, most primate groups are so intimate that any deception is likely to be subtle and infrequent. Published records are sparse and often anecdotal. We have solicited new records from many primatologists and searched for repeating patterns. This has revealed several different forms of deceptive tactic, which we classify in terms of the function they perform. For each class, we sketch the features of another individual's state of mind that an individual acting with deceptive intent must be able to represent, thus acting as a “natural psychologist.” Our analysis will sharpen attention to apparent taxonomic differences. Before these findings can be generalized, however, behavioral scientists must agree on some fundamental methodological and theoretical questions in the study of the evolution of social cognition. |
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Cambridge Journals Online |
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| ISSN |
1469-1825 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5937 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
Do larger brains mean greater intelligence? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain Sci. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
696-697 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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1469-1825 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6171 |
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| Author |
Barton, R.A.; Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. |
| Title |
Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
321-329 |
| Keywords |
Key words Ecology – Competition – Group size – Baboons |
| Abstract |
Predictions of the model of van Schaik (1989) of female-bonding in primates are tested by systematically comparing the ecology, level of within-group contest competition for food (WGC), and patterns of social behaviour found in two contrasting baboon populations. Significant differences were found in food distribution (percentage of the diet from clumped sources), feeding supplant rates and grooming patterns. In accord with the model, the tendencies of females to affiliate and form coalitions with one another, and to be philopatric, were strongest where ecological conditions promoted WGC. Group fission in the population with strong WGC was “horizontal” with respect to female dominance rank, and associated with female-female aggression during a period of elevated feeding competition. In contrast, where WGC was low, females' grooming was focused on adult males rather than other females. Recent evidence suggests that group fission here is initiated by males, tends to result in the formation of one-male groups, and is not related to feeding competition but to male-male competition for mates. An ecological model of baboon social structure is presented which incorporates the effects of female-female competition, male-male competition, and predation pressure. The model potentially accounts for wide variability in group size, group structure and social relationships within the genus Papio. Socio-ecological convergence between common baboons and hamadryas baboons, however, may be limited in some respects by phylogenetic inertia. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
807 |
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| Author |
Bates, L.A.; Sayialel, K.N.; Njiraini, N.W.; Poole, J.H.; Moss, C.J.; Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
African elephants have expectations about the locations of out-of-sight family members |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Lett |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
34-36 |
| Keywords |
elephants, olfaction, urine, individual recognition |
| Abstract |
Monitoring the location of conspecifics may be important to social mammals. Here, we use an expectancy-violation paradigm to test the ability of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) to keep track of their social companions from olfactory cues. We presented elephants with samples of earth mixed with urine from female conspecifics that were either kin or unrelated to them, and either unexpected or highly predictable at that location. From behavioural measurements of the elephants' reactions, we show that African elephants can recognize up to 17 females and possibly up to 30 family members from cues present in the urine-earth mix, and that they keep track of the location of these individuals in relation to themselves. |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4332 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
Animal imitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
R111-R114 |
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0960-9822 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4735 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W.; Bates, L.A. |
| Title |
Why are animals cognitive? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
R445-8 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Arachnida/physiology; *Association Learning; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Falconiformes/physiology; Pan troglodytes/physiology; Parrots/physiology; Passeriformes/physiology |
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Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland |
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English |
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0960-9822 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16781995 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4708 |
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| Author |
Bates, L.A.; Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
Creative or created: Using anecdotes to investigate animal cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Methods |
Abbreviated Journal |
Methods |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12-21 |
| Keywords |
Anecdote; Creativity; Intelligence; Deception; Innovation; African elephant |
| Abstract |
In non-human animals, creative behaviour occurs spontaneously only at low frequencies, so is typically missed by standardised observational methods. Experimental approaches have tended to rely overly on paradigms from child development or adult human cognition, which may be inappropriate for species that inhabit very different perceptual worlds and possess quite different motor capacities than humans. The analysis of anecdotes offers a solution to this impasse, provided certain conditions are met. To be reliable, anecdotes must be recorded immediately after observation, and only the records of scientists experienced with the species and the individuals concerned should be used. Even then, interpretation of a single record is always ambiguous, and analysis is feasible only when collation of multiple records shows that a behaviour pattern occurs repeatedly under similar circumstances. This approach has been used successfully to study a number of creative capacities of animals: the distribution, nature and neural correlates of deception across the primate order; the occurrence of teaching in animals; and the neural correlates of several aptitudes--in birds, foraging innovation, and in primates, innovation, social learning and tool-use. Drawing on these approaches, we describe the use of this method to investigate a new problem, the cognition of the African elephant, a species whose sheer size and evolutionary distance from humans renders the conventional methods of comparative psychology of little use. The aim is both to chart the creative cognitive capacities of this species, and to devise appropriate experimental methods to confirm and extend previous findings. |
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1046-2023 |
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| Notes |
also special issue: Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Creativity: A Toolkit |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6185 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
How monkeys find their way: leadership, coordination, and cognitive maps of African baboons. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
491–518 |
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Chicago University Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
Editor |
Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5146 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W. |
| Title |
Culture in great apes: using intricate complexity in feeding skills to trace the evolutionary origin of human technical prowess |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume |
362 |
Issue |
1480 |
Pages |
577-585 |
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| Abstract |
Geographical cataloguing of traits, as used in human ethnography, has led to the description of “culture” in some non-human great apes. Culture, in these terms, is detected as a pattern of local ignorance resulting from environmental constraints on knowledge transmission. However, in many cases, the geographical variations may alternatively be explained by ecology. Social transmission of information can reliably be identified in many other animal species, by experiment or distinctive patterns in distribution; but the excitement of detecting culture in great apes derives from the possibility of understanding the evolution of cumulative technological culture in humans. Given this interest, I argue that great ape research should concentrate on technically complex behaviour patterns that are ubiquitous within a local population; in these cases, a wholly non-social ontogeny is highly unlikely. From this perspective, cultural transmission has an important role in the elaborate feeding skills of all species of great ape, in conveying the “gist” or organization of skills. In contrast, social learning is unlikely to be responsible for local stylistic differences, which are apt to reflect sensitive adaptations to ecology. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3527 |
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| Author |
Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. |
| Title |
Tactical deception in primates: the 1990 database |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Primate Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primate Rep. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-101 |
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German Primate Center |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6172 |
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