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Abramson, J.Z.; Hernández-Lloreda, V.; Call, J.; Colmenares, F. | ||||
| Title | Experimental evidence for action imitation in killer whales (Orcinus orca) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animal Cognition | |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-22 |
| Keywords | Social learning; Imitation; ‘Do-as-other-does’ test; Animal culture; Killer whales | ||||
| Abstract | Comparative experimental studies of imitative learning have focused mainly on primates and birds. However, cetaceans are promising candidates to display imitative learning as they have evolved in socioecological settings that have selected for large brains, complex sociality, and coordinated predatory tactics. Here we tested imitative learning in killer whales, Orcinus orca. We used a ‘do-as-other-does’ paradigm in which 3 subjects witnessed a conspecific demonstrator’s performance that included 15 familiar and 4 novel behaviours. The three subjects (1) learned the copy command signal ‘Do that’ very quickly, that is, 20 trials on average; (2) copied 100 % of the demonstrator’s familiar and novel actions; (3) achieved full matches in the first attempt for 8–13 familiar behaviours (out of 15) and for the 2 novel behaviours (out of 2) in one subject; and (4) took no longer than 8 trials to accurately copy any familiar behaviour, and no longer than 16 trials to copy any novel behaviour. This study provides experimental evidence for body imitation, including production imitation, in killer whales that is comparable to that observed in dolphins tested under similar conditions. These findings suggest that imitative learning may underpin some of the group-specific traditions reported in killer whales in the field. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5695 | ||
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| Author |
Arnold Gw, G.A. | ||||
| Title | Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for thoroughbred horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 5-25 |
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| Abstract | Social interactions between individual horses were observed in two herds each comprising a stallion and a number of mares. In one herd, the animals were observed whilst grazing and resting; in the other, nearest neighbours were recorded when the animals were grazing, and social interactions were noted when the animals were feeding on hay. In both herds, the horses showed marked preferences for the company of specific individuals when they were grazing. In one herd, the associations were mainly between individuals that had been associated prior to being put in the herd. In the other herd, this was not the case. A new statistic was produced for testing for specific company preference. In both herds, the stallion was dominant over all mares and never received any aggression. The complete social hierarchy could not be determined for the herd which was observed only when grazing because social contact was restricted to that within groups or pairs that associated together. In the herd to which hay was fed, a non-linear hierarchy existed. Statistics were produced to quantify both the general level of dominance of a horse and its specific dominance or subordination to every other horse. It is suggested that these statistics, and one for quantifying the general aggressiveness of a horse, could be widely used. A principal component analysis allowed the horses to be characterised socially according to aggressiveness, their attitude to other horses and their attractiveness to other horses. |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 899 | |||
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| Author |
Baer, K.L.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Beaver, B.V. | ||||
| Title | Observation effects on learning in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 123-129 |
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| Abstract | Sixteen horses, divided into 2 groups of 8, were used to study observational learning in horses. One group served as controls while the other group served as the treated group (observers). Observers were allowed to watch a correctly performed discrimination task for 5 days prior to testing their learning response using the same task. Discrimination testing was conducted on all horses daily for 14 days, with criterion set at 7 out of 8 responses correct with the last 5 consecutively correct. The maximum number of trials performed without reaching criterion was limited to 20 per day. Mean trials to criteria (MT) by group were: control, 11.25; observer, 10.70. Mean error (ME) scores were: control, 2.37; observer, 2.02. Average initial discrimination error scores were 11.13 for control and 10.38 for observers (P < 0.10). Asymptote was reached by Day 8 for both control and observer groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an extreme-day effect indicative of learning (P < 0.01), with non-significant differences in learning rate between experimental groups. Whether the initial ability of the horses to perform a discrimination learning task was enhanced by observation of other horses' performance of that task was not obvious from these data. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 726 | ||
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| Author |
Bannikov, A.G. | ||||
| Title | The Asiatic Wild Ass: neglected relative of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | Pages | 580-585 | |
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| Language | Englisch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 756 | ||
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| Author |
Baumgartner, M.; Boisson, T.; Erhard, M.H.; Zeitler-Feicht, M.H. | ||||
| Title | Common Feeding Practices Pose A Risk to the Welfare of Horses When Kept on Non-Edible Bedding | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 441 | |
| Keywords | horse behaviour; feed intake pause; bedding; welfare indicator; feeding practices; roughage; horse welfare; individual housing system | ||||
| Abstract | During the evolution of the horse, an extended period of feed intake, spread over the entire 24-h period, determined the horses� behaviour and physiology. Horses will not interrupt their feed intake for more than 4 h, if they have a choice. The aim of the present study was to investigate in what way restrictive feeding practices (non ad libitum) affect the horses� natural feed intake behaviour. We observed the feed intake behaviour of 104 horses on edible (n = 30) and non-edible bedding (n = 74) on ten different farms. We assessed the duration of the forced nocturnal feed intake interruption of horses housed on shavings when no additional roughage was available. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the feed intake behaviour of horses housed on edible versus non-edible bedding. The daily restrictive feeding of roughage (2 times a day: n = 8; 3 times a day: n = 2), as it is common in individual housing systems, resulted in a nocturnal feed intake interruption of more than 4 hours for the majority (74.32%, 55/74) of the horses on shavings (8:50 ± 1:25 h, median: 8:45 h, minimum: 6:45 h, maximum: 13:23 h). In comparison to horses on straw, horses on shavings paused their feed intake less frequently and at a later latency. Furthermore, they spent less time on consuming the evening meal than horses on straw. Our results of the comparison of the feed-intake behaviour of horses on edible and non-edible bedding show that the horses� ethological feeding needs are not satisfied on non-edible bedding. If the horses accelerate their feed intake (also defined as �rebound effect�), this might indicate that the horses� welfare is compromised. We conclude that in addition to the body condition score, the longest duration of feed intake interruption (usually in the night) is an important welfare indicator of horses that have limited access to roughage. | ||||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
| Series Volume | 10 | Series Issue | 3 | Edition | |
| ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6647 | ||
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| Author |
Berliner Vr, | ||||
| Title | The estrous cycle of the mare. In: Cole,H.H., Cupps,P.T. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1959 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Reproductions in domestic animals | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 267-289 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 942 | |||
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| Author |
Bertolucci, C.; Giannetto, C.; Fazio, F.; Piccione, G. | ||||
| Title | Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal | Abbreviated Journal | Animal |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 07 | Pages | 1055-1060 |
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| Abstract | Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4823 | ||
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| Author |
Breummer, F | ||||
| Title | The wild horses of Sable Island | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 14-17 | |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2248 | ||
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| Author |
Bruemmer F, | ||||
| Title | The horses of Sable Island | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animals | |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 14-17 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 975 | |||
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| Author |
Burla, J.-B.; Siegwart, J.; Nawroth, C. | ||||
| Title | Human Demonstration Does Not Facilitate the Performance of Horses (Equus caballus) in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Animal | Abbreviated Journal | Animal |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 96 |
| Keywords | detour task; equids; social cognition; social learning; spatial cognition | ||||
| Abstract | Horses’ ability to adapt to new environments and to acquire new information plays an important role in handling and training. Social learning in particular would be very adaptive for horses as it enables them to flexibly adjust to new environments. In the context of horse handling, social learning from humans has been rarely investigated but could help to facilitate management practices. We assessed the impact of human demonstration on the spatial problem-solving abilities of horses during a detour task. In this task, a bucket with a food reward was placed behind a double-detour barrier and 16 horses were allocated to two test groups of 8 horses each. One group received a human demonstration of how to solve the spatial task while the other group received no demonstration. We found that horses did not solve the detour task more often or faster with human demonstration. However, both test groups improved rapidly over trials. Our results suggest that horses prefer to use individual rather than social information when solving a spatial problem-solving task | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6392 | ||
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