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Author  |
Lundholm B, |
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Title |
Abstammung und Domestikation des Hauspferdes |
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Zool Bidrag Uppsala |
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27 |
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1-287 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1354 |
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Author |
Lyda, R.O.; Hall, J.R.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
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Title |
A comparison of Freund's Complete and Freund's Modified Adjuvants used with a contraceptive vaccine in wild horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
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36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
610-616 |
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Animals; Antibody Formation; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; Estrus/drug effects; Female; Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Vaccines, Contraceptive; Zona Pellucida/*immunology |
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Fifteen captive wild mares (Equus caballus) were treated with porcine zona pellucida contraceptive vaccine and either Freund's Complete Adjuvant (n = 7) or Freund's Modified Adjuvant (n = 8). All mares received a booster inoculation of porcine zona pellucida plus Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant a month later. Anti-porcine zona pellucida antibodies were measured over 10 mo following the initial inoculation. There were no significant differences in antibody titers at any point during the 10 mo, and seven of the eight mares in the Freund's Modified Adjuvant group were above the 60% level at the end of the study, which is considered to be the contraceptive threshold for horses. There were no significant differences in titers between pregnant and nonpregnant horses, nor was there a significant correlation between age and titers. One local injection site reaction occurred after booster treatment with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant, and 11 healthy foals were born during the course of the study. These data suggest that Freund's Modified Adjuvant is an acceptable substitute for Freund's Complete Adjuvant in certain free-ranging and captive wildlife species. |
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Science and Conservation Center, 2100 South Shiloh Road, Billings, Montana 59106, USA |
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1042-7260 |
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PMID:17312717 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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139 |
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Author |
Lydekker R, |
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Title |
Note on the skull and markings of the Quagga |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1904 |
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Proc Zool Soc Lond |
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426-431 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1356 |
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Author |
Lydekker R, |
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Title |
Note on the wild ass of Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1904 |
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Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Zool. Soc. London. |
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Part 1 |
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431-432 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2342 |
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Author |
Mace, G.M.; Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
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Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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J Zool |
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193 |
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3 |
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333-354 |
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Abstract |
Relative brain size (measured as gross brain size after body size effects are removed) differs systematically between families of rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs. The Sciuridae have the largest relative brain size, the Soricidae and Bathyergidae the smallest. These results are discussed and compared with previous analyses of relative brain sizes among primates and bats. These differences complicate comparisons between relative brain size across phylogenetically diverse species and attempts to relate differences in relative brain size to ecological variables. To overcome these problems, best fit relationships were estimated for each family, and values for each genus were expressed as deviations from the lines of best fit. We refer to these values as Comparative Brain Size (CBS). Differences in CBS are related to differences in habitat type (forest-dwelling genera have larger CBS' than grassland forms), in diet (folivores have smaller CBS' than generalists or insectivores, frugivores and granivores), in zonation (arboreal genera have larger CBS' than terrestrial ones) and in activity timing (nocturnal genera have larger CBS' than dirurnal ones). However, these ecological categories are interrelated and, when the effects of other ecological differences are taken into account using analyses of variance, only the differences associated with diet, and possibly habitat remain. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5455 |
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Author |
Macfadden Bj, |
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Title |
Cladistic analysis of primitive equids, with notes on other perissodactyls |
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1976 |
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Syst Zool |
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25 |
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1.14 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1359 |
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Matsushima, T.; Izawa, E.-I.; Aoki, N.; Yanagihara, S. |
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Title |
The mind through chick eyes: memory, cognition and anticipation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Zoological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zoolog Sci |
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20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
395-408 |
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Animals; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Brain/anatomy & histology/cytology/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Memory/*physiology; Perception/physiology |
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To understand the animal mind, we have to reconstruct how animals recognize the external world through their own eyes. For the reconstruction to be realistic, explanations must be made both in their proximate causes (brain mechanisms) as well as ultimate causes (evolutionary backgrounds). Here, we review recent advances in the behavioral, psychological, and system-neuroscience studies accomplished using the domestic chick as subjects. Diverse behavioral paradigms are compared (such as filial imprinting, sexual imprinting, one-trial passive avoidance learning, and reinforcement operant conditioning) in their behavioral characterizations (development, sensory and motor aspects of functions, fitness gains) and relevant brain mechanisms. We will stress that common brain regions are shared by these distinct paradigms, particularly those in the ventral telencephalic structures such as AIv (in the archistriatum) and LPO (in the medial striatum). Neuronal ensembles in these regions could code the chick's anticipation for forthcoming events, particularly the quality/quantity and the temporal proximity of rewards. Without the internal representation of the anticipated proximity in LPO, behavioral tolerance will be lost, and the chick makes impulsive choice for a less optimized option. Functional roles of these regions proved compatible with their anatomical counterparts in the mammalian brain, thus suggesting that the neural systems linking between the memorized past and the anticipated future have remained highly conservative through the evolution of the amniotic vertebrates during the last 300 million years. With the conservative nature in mind, research efforts should be oriented toward a unifying theory, which could explain behavioral deviations from optimized foraging, such as “naive curiosity,” “contra-freeloading,” “Concorde fallacy,” and “altruism.” |
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Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan. matusima@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp |
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0289-0003 |
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PMID:12719641 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2858 |
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Author |
Mazak V, |
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Title |
Haarwechsel und Haarwuchs bei Pzewakski – Pferd und Onager im Prager Zoolg. Garten während der Jahre 1958/59 |
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1962 |
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Acta Societatis Zoolg.Boheomoslovenicae |
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26 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1373 |
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Mazak V, |
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Spring moult in Equus hemionus kiang Moorcroft 1841 and a contribution to the phylegensis of moulting in the subfamily Equinae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) |
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1961 |
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Zool Anz |
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168 |
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164-169 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1372 |
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Author |
Menges J, |
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Title |
Die Wildesel des Somalilandes (Equus asinus somalicus) |
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Year |
1887 |
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Zoologische Garten |
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Zool. Garten. |
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28 |
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261-268 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1387 |
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