| Records |
| Author |
Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A. |
Title  |
Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
433 |
Issue |
7025 |
Pages |
513-516 |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/nature03236 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4827 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F.; Chowdhury, A.K. |
| Title |
Enzymes in the ileal juice of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1958 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
181 |
Issue |
4603 |
Pages |
190 |
| Keywords |
*Enzymes; *Horses; Ileum/*metabolism; *Enzymes; *Horses; *ILEUM/metabolism |
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English |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
PMID:13504127 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
121 |
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| Author |
Clayton, N.S.; Dickinson, A. |
| Title |
Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
395 |
Issue |
6699 |
Pages |
272-274 |
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| Abstract |
The recollection of past experiences allows us to recall what a particular event was, and where and when it occurred1,2, a form of memory that is thought to be unique to humans3. It is known, however, that food-storing birds remember the spatial location4, 5, 6 and contents6, 7, 8, 9 of their caches. Furthermore, food-storing animals adapt their caching and recovery strategies to the perishability of food stores10, 11, 12, 13, which suggests that they are sensitive to temporal factors. Here we show that scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember 'when' food items are stored by allowing them to recover perishable 'wax worms' (wax-moth larvae) and non-perishable peanuts which they had previously cached in visuospatially distinct sites. Jays searched preferentially for fresh wax worms, their favoured food, when allowed to recover them shortly after caching. However, they rapidly learned to avoid searching for worms after a longer interval during which the worms had decayed. The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals. |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/26216 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4788 |
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| Author |
Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. |
| Title |
Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
428 |
Issue |
6981 |
Pages |
385-386 |
| Keywords |
Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports |
| Abstract |
As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport. |
| Address |
Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk |
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English |
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1476-4687 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15042079 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
535 |
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| Author |
McElreath, R.; Luttbeg, B.; Fogarty, S.P.; Brodin, T.; Sih, A. |
| Title |
Evolution of animal personalities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
450 |
Issue |
7167 |
Pages |
E5-E5 |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/nature06326 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4295 |
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| Author |
Bell, A.M. |
| Title |
Evolutionary biology: animal personalities |
Type |
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| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
447 |
Issue |
7144 |
Pages |
539-540 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; *Models, Biological; Personality/genetics/*physiology; Reproduction/genetics/physiology; Risk-Taking; Selection (Genetics) |
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1476-4687 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17538607 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4099 |
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| Author |
Barton, N. |
| Title |
Evolutionary biology: The geometry of adaptation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
395 |
Issue |
6704 |
Pages |
751-752 |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/27338 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5469 |
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Stuber, G.D.; Sparta, D.R.; Stamatakis, A.M.; van Leeuwen, W.A.; Hardjoprajitno, J.E.; Cho, S.; Tye, K.M.; Kempadoo, K.A.; Zhang, F.; Deisseroth, K.; Bonci, A. |
| Title |
Excitatory transmission from the amygdala to nucleus accumbens facilitates reward seeking |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
advance online publication |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has a crucial role in emotional learning irrespective of valence1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23. The BLA projection to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to modulate cue-triggered motivated behaviours4, 6, 7, 24, 25, but our understanding of the interaction between these two brain regions has been limited by the inability to manipulate neural-circuit elements of this pathway selectively during behaviour. To circumvent this limitation, we used in vivo optogenetic stimulation or inhibition of glutamatergic fibres from the BLA to the NAc, coupled with intracranial pharmacology and ex vivo electrophysiology. Here we show that optical stimulation of the pathway from the BLA to the NAc in mice reinforces behavioural responding to earn additional optical stimulation of these synaptic inputs. Optical stimulation of these glutamatergic fibres required intra-NAc dopamine D1-type receptor signalling, but not D2-type receptor signalling. Brief optical inhibition of fibres from the BLA to the NAc reduced cue-evoked intake of sucrose, demonstrating an important role of this specific pathway in controlling naturally occurring reward-related behaviour. Moreover, although optical stimulation of glutamatergic fibres from the medial prefrontal cortex to the NAc also elicited reliable excitatory synaptic responses, optical self-stimulation behaviour was not observed by activation of this pathway. These data indicate that whereas the BLA is important for processing both positive and negative affect, the glutamatergic pathway from the BLA to the NAc, in conjunction with dopamine signalling in the NAc, promotes motivated behavioural responding. Thus, optogenetic manipulation of anatomically distinct synaptic inputs to the NAc reveals functionally distinct properties of these inputs in controlling reward-seeking behaviours. |
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Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
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1476-4687 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/nature10194 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5398 |
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| Author |
Grosenick, L.; Clement, T.S.; Fernald, R.D. |
| Title |
Fish can infer social rank by observation alone |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
445 |
Issue |
7126 |
Pages |
429-432 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/physiology; Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Fishes/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Dominance; Territoriality |
| Abstract |
Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how animals acquire and represent transitive relationships and why such abilities might have evolved remain open problems. Here we show that male fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) can successfully make inferences on a hierarchy implied by pairwise fights between rival males. These fish learned the implied hierarchy vicariously (as 'bystanders'), by watching fights between rivals arranged around them in separate tank units. Our findings show that fish use TI when trained on socially relevant stimuli, and that they can make such inferences by using indirect information alone. Further, these bystanders seem to have both spatial and featural representations related to rival abilities, which they can use to make correct inferences depending on what kind of information is available to them. Beyond extending TI to fish and experimentally demonstrating indirect TI learning in animals, these results indicate that a universal mechanism underlying TI is unlikely. Rather, animals probably use multiple domain-specific representations adapted to different social and ecological pressures that they encounter during the course of their natural lives. |
| Address |
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. logang@stanford.edu |
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1476-4687 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17251980 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
600 |
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| Author |
Hoyt Df, T.C. |
| Title |
Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
292 |
Issue |
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Pages |
239-240 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1205 |
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